Most people don’t realize that there are a number of different types of partnerships which fall under the aegis of “Civil Unions”. In my travels, I have encountered various types of these partnerships which in no way infer homosexual activity. The most prominent of these are ‘domestic partnerships’. I have encountered both biological siblings (two elderly sisters) and a pair of elderly priests who were best friends. They could not afford to live on their own and pooled their savings and lived in the same house. They were able to reduce their financial burdens and attain certain legal protections by entering into this type of civil union.
Civil Unions has nothing to do with sex and everything to do with the civil law. From Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum onward, the Church has taught that the civil authorities have a duty to legislate for the common good. As such, there are certain circumstances where civil unions are valid in preserving the common good.
The specific context in which Pope Francis was speaking in the interview which became so explosive was that of the physical and legal protections of the homosexual population of Argentina. Culturally, homosexuals were completely disowned from families. On their own, they often became the target of mob violence and rape. Pope Francis endorsed a form of civil unions within this context to allow for the other member in a civil union to file police reports on their behalf if they were unconscious in the hospital and to make medical decisions for the wounded partner.
It was in no way meant to endorse homosexual marriage or sexual activity. He explicitly spoke out against these issues. In Argentina, unlike in much of the Western World, Catholicism has a very real impact and presence in culture. As such, there is a larger population of devout celibate homosexuals. It was within this context, seeking protection for his flock and trusting them to remain celibate, that Pope Francis gave his support to civil unions.