Here’s how I see it:
It is the Bishop’s right and responsibility to set the confirmation age for his diocese. In the last 100 years or so, but even more so in the last 50 years, there has been tremendous experimentation in the church regarding this sacrament. The Bishops are trying to respond to a pastoral situation unique to our times. Our children are growing up in a post-Christian secular society, in largely uncatechized families.
The teaching of the church is clear on what the sacrament of confirmation is and previous posts have given the teaching in detail. It is not a rite of passage. Given the situation, however, of conferring the sacrament on teenagers, it is indeed a time for them to affirm the faith on their own. An older child or teenager should not receive the sacrament unless he or she is able to affirm that faith and has sufficient knowledge of it. Knowledge of the faith and free choice appropriate to one’s stage of development is necessary for all of the sacraments of initiation, not just confirmation. For this reason, accepting Confirmation as a teenager is indeed a person’s opportunity to make a free choice for the faith, and I’m glad that there are diocese out there that take seriously the responsibility to prepare these children, even while I think they should confirm at a much younger age, prior to First Communion.
The first approach (younger confirmation) does create a problem, since it is a reality that children will drop out of religious education. To me, the second approach (later confirmation) creates a bigger problem, since it gives the impression that confirmation is, by its very nature, a sacramental “rite of passage”, which we all agree is not the case.
I clearly have my own bias here. I was Chrismated (Confirmed) as an infant and all of my children were Chrismated as infants. I believe firmly that children benefit from receiving all of the sacraments of initiation at a young age. I do understand the dilemma of catechesis, but I don’t believe it is reason to delay the sacraments. I believe we ought to have more uniformity in practice as well. I, however, am not a Bishop. It is the Bishop’s decision in his own diocese.