Jesus gave the authority to teach in His name to the Aposostles (Matthew 10:20; Luke 10:1; Luke 10:16), with Peter having the preeminent position among them (Matthew 16:17-19), and promised that the Holy Spirit would protect them from ever teaching error (John 14:16-18, 26; 15:26; 16:13; 17:17-19; Luke 21:33).
He said that they would remember everything Jesus taught them. (John 14:16-18, 26; Luke 21:33). He further promised that the fruit that the Apostles bore (i.e., the Bishops they appointed and the Church that He built on them(Ephesians 2:19-22)) would remain faithful (John 15:16). The Apostles in turn taught (again, without error) that they had the authority to pass that office on to their successors. Based on the word of Christ, we can know that the Bishops of the Catholic Church, in union with the sucessor to St. Peter, are protected by God from ever teaching false doctrine as being infallibly true and binding on all believers.
The structure of the argument is:
- The historical evidence shows that Jesus said the Apostles had the authority to teach in his name, and that they would teach binding and infallible doctrine.
- The historical evidence shows that the Apostles taught that this authority was to be passed on to their successors.
- The historical evidence shows that their successors taught, as binding doctrine, that the Church is infallible in matters of faith and morals.
Sacred Tradition is part of the deposit of faith given by Jesus to the Church and is thus both infallible and unchangeable (which is not to say that our understanding of it can’t develop). It’s the Word of God just as surely as the written Scriptures. It’s true because JESUS SAID SO.
As for Romans 3-5, there is a very good answer but it’s late and I’m not the best one to give it (I’ve only been a Catholic for a year and I have much to unlearn). I suggest you pick up a tape series entitled “Romanism in Romans”, by Scott Hahn.
I find it odd that no one’s yet discussed what faith is; usually it helps to define terms up front. Here’s what I use, it’s a composite from the Catechism of the Catholic Church:
“Faith is our human response to the divine calling to share in the life of God. It is a personal adherence to God and assent to his truth. It is an act of the will by which we turn away from sin and toward God.”
Faith is something we do and not merely something we think.
This is entirely in keeping with the entymology of the Hebrew words for faith.
Aman is translated as “believe”, “trust”, “have faith”, and also “support”, “nourish”, and “make lasting”. A derivative word is
omenat, meaning “pillars” or “supports of the door” as in 2 Kings 18:16. Another cognate is
emunah, which is “faithfulness” or “trust”, as in Exodus 17:12 where God brought victory to Israel as long as Moses would hold his hands up. Aaron and Hur held up his hands so that they “remained
emunah until sundown”. All of these illustrate that faith is an action that we take, which is exactly what the Catholic church teaches. (BTW, this is about the extent of my grasp of Hebrew).
I know I’ve been blunt, I hope not offensively so. I can tell that you love Jesus and take the word of God seriously, and I’d wish you well even if you didn’t. Pray have a good evening.
