This is the point where I just would have ignored him. IMOHO, from the rest of your post, he sounds condescending and bitter on top of that. At work, I wouldn’t have engaged such a person at all, especially a ranking officer.
Well, IMOHO I think it was a bit inappropriate for you to ask a ‘ranking officer’ to apologize because as a lower ranking person in the chain, it wasn’t your place. I wouldn’t go to the human resources department unless he started harassing me. But then again, under normal cirumcstances I wouldn’t have let the situation escalate. We all have our weaknesses, and our weak moments. I almost tore off the head of a fellow nurse for claiming that “Catholic’s have it all wrong. For example, they worship Mary and worship the saints”. Boy did she get a really big mouthful in a relatively short few seconds

But – she is not a ‘ranking officer’. After her face fell from my mini-tirade, I concluded with: “Well, I’m glad I had the opportunity to straighten out that mess…but I’m thinking that’s why generally we don’t talk about religion and politics at work”.
I find that people who are anti-religion and who push the buttons of people of faith, they do so for shock value, and I just don’t entertain them.
I would pray to St. Michael before you go to work, and ask him to protect you from this person. And I would just stay under this person’s radar. But that’s just me. I think if you go to human resources, you’ll either both get reprimanded for arguing in the workplace or he will retaliate. I guess it just depends on how much you need your job. But any kind of arguing at work is really not appropriate…just moho…