Supernatural epistemology?

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For instance “I observe that lightning is the result of a difference in electrical charges” does not yield the deduction “therefore it is not G-ds flaming sword”.
Comments like these are why I don’t take internet forums very seriously, particularly philosophy forums. If I did take statements like the above seriously, I would lose hope in the human race. Thankfully, the majority of people can agree that electricity is not the same as “God’s flaming sword”.

But then again, what would one expect from a subject that allows everything to be questioned? Take solipsism for example. It could just as easily be said that “I observe that lightning is the result of a difference in electrical charges” does not imply that lightning actually exists. It could all be a result of your imagination, and philosophy allows for this empty, unfalsifiable speculation.

Clearly, for philosophy as a whole to be fruitful, people have to collectively agree on an epistemology and stick with it. But all of this wishy-washy rationalism/solipsism gets us nowhere. Philosophers have to learn to trust their five bodily senses before they can be taken seriously. I don’t know about you guys, but if I observe that lightning is electricity, and that electricity is just a flow of charges, I don’t assume that the universe is trying to fool me and conceal the fact that electricity is “really” God’s flaming sword.
 
IMHO your account of the mind as an emergent property of the brain neglects a huge amount of information both scientific and philosophical. Divide it into the big problem, where science actually is, and bi-directionality.

If one were to open the cranium and look at the brain of a perceiving, remembering, thinking patient, they would not see a single thing going through that patient’s mind–not an image, feeling, thought, or sense of self. In fact with mirrors I could look at my own brain and yet would see none of its conscious content.
From outside the conscious mind of another there is no direct access to the inside experienced content by observing the brain.

A search of one’s mind will never give a direct experience of one’s own brain cells or their electro-chemical processes and multi-level networking.
From the inside by observing my own consciousness there is no direct access to the observable brain and its neural electro-chemical processes.

No matter how detailed our correlation of conscious mental acts with brain structure and function may be, there is still an “explanatory gap” between brain activity observed from the outside and the content of consciousness as experienced from the inside.
How do objective, publically-observable neuronal events or the brain as a whole produce/become inner, first-person conscious mental experience(s)? In other words, how does what happens in the brain become what happens in your mind? No one is even close to figuring out how to cross that bridge with the SM.

“As the science of consciousness advances, such definitions [Searle’s] will need to be refined and expressed in more fundamental neuronal terms. Until the problem is understood much better, though, a more formal definition of consciousness is likely to be either misleading or overly restrictive, or both. If this seems evasive, try defining a gene.” (p. 1107)

Further relevant data is provided by research into neuroplasticity, a term for the phenomena that conscious choices can alter brain structure and function. This shows a bi-directional causality in the relationship between brain and mind. That is, not only can one affect conscious experience and functioning by changes in the brain, one can also affect brain structure and functioning by conscious changes in activity. Researchers today are investigating the “bidirectional interaction between cultural experience and the brain” and “the neurosciences have identified mechanisms of neural plasticity from the molecular to the systems level.” Numerous studies “demonstrate the surprising degree to which brain processes are malleably shaped by cultural tools and practices.”

For example, studies show that adults who choose to learn Braille show changes in brain structure over those who do not. Changes in brain structure are also seen in musicians proficient in stringed instruments relative to which fingers are used the most. Additionally a study was performed on brain changes taking place in Buddhist monks during meditation–changes which sustain in long-term practitioners over time.

The hardware-software analogy doesn’t work here.

The conviction that the mind as we know it is the soul (immaterial life principle, form of the body) in operation squares perfectly with all of the information and doesn’t in the least harm the legitimate aims and methods of neurological research even its goal to reach a complete scientific account of brain activity in its correlation with mental acts.

A fourth source of data is the immaterial nature of the intellectual acts of concept formation and reflection.
The brain is an organ in the body. Many organs in the body for example the liver will adapt re experience and survival . Its simply part of biology-growth-restoration-survival I believe the mind is connected with the soul as well, but not as implied above. It wouldn’t seem acceptable to suggest the mind is in fact the soul simply because we cannot see the happenings The explanatory gap you mention is no different than having a sore muscle . Why are you making a big deal out of basically how the body operates? I could see it if there was in fact something in-consistent with the brain-mind association relative to physical operations, purpose and function, so…
this entry seems to be another railroad offering very little. The thing is… very little is available and research is in its infancy here…how does man process thought? How about the mismatch between psychological…subjective& physical time?
How does the brain represent time? is there something here which relates to our idea of free will? The flow of time…what is it…a mental back door which reflects objectively a real quantity of time…“out there” in the material world of objects…maybe were over looking something…or is the flow of time a mental construct? Fanciful leaping into God idea’s , I find as a God believer is juvenile…"relative to responsibility in continuing the research of the ancient philosophers who would be most keen on up-dating themselves and doing a little fine tuning
We are particulars of the univeral. I guess II’l have to introduce the problems associated with self re…the particular later on…who knows
 
Comments like these are why I don’t take internet forums very seriously, particularly philosophy forums.
And yet, here you are. Spending your time and intellectual capital here on a philosophy forum, obviously you find it serious enough to spend hundreds of hours on it. People don’t waste time on things that they don’t take seriously. Ergo, I believe that you do take it seriously, very seriously in fact.
If I did take statements like the above seriously, I would lose hope in the human race…
If you don’t take logic seriously, you cannot do any other reasoning. One either agrees to the rules of logic, or one admits to irrationality. That would be losing hope in ones self.
Thankfully, the majority of people can agree that electricity is not the same as “God’s flaming sword”.
I agree, most people do feel that way. Most men live by their senses, not by their reason. But reason tells us that the premise “I observe that lightning is electricity” does not result in the deduction “therefore it is not G-ds flaming sword”. That may well be G-ds flaming sword. The possibility is not eliminated by the observation. Making the conclusion non sequitur.
But then again, what would one expect from a subject that allows everything to be questioned?Take solipsism for example. It could just as easily be said that “I observe that lightning is the result of a difference in electrical charges” does not imply that lightning actually exists.
I am arguing that the consequent does not follow from the ground. That isn’t the same thing as solipsism.
It could all be a result of your imagination, and philosophy allows for this empty, unfalsifiable speculation.
Falsification is a logical contradiction and therefore necessarily false. If one can only take falsifiable propositions as true/meaningful, then how is that proposition itself falsifiable?
Clearly, for philosophy as a whole to be fruitful, people have to collectively agree on an epistemology and stick with it.
I agree.
But all of this wishy-washy rationalism/solipsism gets us nowhere.
Rationalism, philosophy and the logics that it spawns are the basis of every personal and scientific advance ever made. I would say that it is the single most useful tool that mankind has. It has taken us from huddling in caves without a fire to walking on the moon.
Philosophers have to learn to trust their five bodily senses before they can be taken seriously.
Why? Because you will only take seriously those who agree to hold a logical contradiction valid? That’s ludicrous. It’s like saying you can only take people seriously who believe that black is white, or 1=0.
I don’t know about you guys, but if I observe that lightning is electricity, and that electricity is just a flow of charges, I don’t assume that the universe is trying to fool me and conceal the fact that electricity is “really” God’s flaming sword.
Neither do I or anyone else. I am not sure where you get this particular idea.
 
And yet, here you are. Spending your time and intellectual capital here on a philosophy forum, obviously you find it serious enough to spend hundreds of hours on it. People don’t waste time on things that they don’t take seriously.
Many people spend hundreds of hours playing video games or solving crossword puzzles, but that doesn’t mean they take those things seriously. I think you’re confusing entertainment with concern.
If you don’t take logic seriously, you cannot do any other reasoning. One either agrees to the rules of logic, or one admits to irrationality.
What you said wasn’t logical, it was a result of paranoia. It seems as though you’re so terrified that your senses are deceiving you that you would be willing to argue that a duck is actually a tree. As the saying goes, if it looks like a duck, it quacks like a duck, and it walks like a duck, it’s probably a duck. You have to trust your observations to at least some extent, or else you descend into solipsism.
Most men live by their senses, not by their reason.
The problem is that we need both to live well. Despite what rationalism might contend, logic alone doesn’t really help us unless you intend to use only abstractions. The reason for this is simple: Using logic, we can construct valid arguments, but we usually need science to show that those arguments are sound or unsound. To illustrate this, I want you to rebut the following argument without employing empirical observations:
  1. The entropy of a closed system never increases.
  2. The universe is a closed system.
    C) Therefore, the entropy of the universe never increases.
What can you cite to contradict this conclusion without employing empirical observations? Obviously the first premise of the argument is contradicted by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, but you can’t use the Law for refutation because it was verified by empirical observations rather than logic.
I am arguing that the consequent does not follow from the ground. That isn’t the same thing as solipsism.
I was merely demonstrating that philosophy allows for such empty speculations as solipsism. Philosophy as a whole is clearly not an authority to which we should refer. We may adhere to our own particular philosophies, but philosophy as a whole is just a sea of speculation.
Falsification is a logical contradiction and therefore necessarily false. If one can only take falsifiable propositions as true/meaningful, then how is that proposition itself falsifiable?
I don’t adhere to falsificationism dogmatically, but it’s a great guideline. If we allowed everyone to make unfalsifiable claims at their own caprice, we would have to deal with endless nonsense.

By the way, did you know that you are a puppet and all of your movements are being controlled by fairies who are tugging on your stings? You can’t detect the fairies or the strings because they’re made of a substance called “aether” which is intangible. Oh, and you might feel that you have volition and that you can move yourself, but that is only being simulated by little green men who live inside your head. They are also composed of aether, so don’t try to prove me wrong by seeing a neurologist!

Do you see how ridiculous that is?
 
…What you said wasn’t logical,…
You don’t seem to understand what is going on in the conversation. No one is making a solipsistic claim, or a claim of A=notA. I am pointing out that the consequent does not follow the ground, thus the conclusion is non sequitur. That is in fact a logical fallacy. Logic.
… Despite what rationalism might contend, logic alone doesn’t really help us unless you intend to use only abstractions…
Without logic, you could not carry out even the most basic reasoning.
…The reason for this is simple: Using logic, we can construct valid arguments, but we usually need science to show that those arguments are sound or unsound.
That isn’t true. We don’t need science to explain logic at all. We don’t even need a physical universe to exist. Further, the implied argument, verificationism is a logical contradiction and like all logical contradictions is necessarily false as a theory of knowledge.
To illustrate this, I want you to rebut the following argument without employing empirical observations:
  1. The entropy of a closed system never increases.
  2. The universe is a closed system.
    C) Therefore, the entropy of the universe never increases.
What can you cite to contradict this conclusion without employing empirical observations? Obviously the first premise of the argument is contradicted by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, but you can’t use the Law for refutation because it was verified by empirical observations rather than logic.
Premise 1 is false, therefore the conclusion is false. Nothing about logic prevents us from using information derived from observation.
I was merely demonstrating that philosophy allows for such empty speculations as solipsism. Philosophy as a whole is clearly not an authority to which we should refer. We may adhere to our own particular philosophies, but philosophy as a whole is just a sea of speculation.
Philosophy is the basis for all reasoning. What you call idle speculation is truth seeking. Philosophy as a whole is what underpins all other human activity.
I don’t adhere to falsificationism dogmatically, but it’s a great guideline. If we allowed everyone to make unfalsifiable claims at their own caprice, we would have to deal with endless nonsense.
So you are willing to accept a necessarily false logical contradiction as true because it is convenient? That is nowhere near any standard of intellectual integrity of which I am aware.
By the way, did you know that you are a puppet and all of your movements are being controlled by fairies who are tugging on your stings? You can’t detect the fairies or the strings because they’re made of a substance called “aether” which is intangible. Oh, and you might feel that you have volition and that you can move yourself, but that is only being simulated by little green men who live inside your head. They are also composed of aether, so don’t try to prove me wrong by seeing a neurologist! Do you see how ridiculous that is?
You just made the atheistic hard determinism argument, replacing causality with little green men, and then pointed out how ridiculous it is. I agree. However I suspect that you think it is ridiculous because you cannot imagine how it could be true, correct? That is a logical fallacy called incredulity. A proposition is no more likely or unlikely, true or false merely because you cannot imagine how it might be done. The same thing applies even if it is not verifiable or falsifiable. You want to reject it because it doe not fit your worldview, not because there is some inherent reason it cannot be true. So in order to reach the truth you want, rather than the one that exists, you pile logical fallacy atop logical contradiction. An entirely irrational act when considered objectively. You think to yourself “Then how can we know the truth of a statement?” I would say that we can examine it for flaws in it’s reasoning, in it’s logic. For instance, if there are little green men doing our thinking, then we are not thinking and thus we cannot form the thought that there are little green men doing our thinking for us. The argument refutes itself in this case. Consider the FSM, does it exist? Who knows? It isn’t impossible. I have no basis to reject it’s mere existence, and really, really wanting to isn’t a sufficient basis for that conclusion. The facts seem to be that in many cases certainty, even a true sense of likelihood are impossible goals to reach.🤷
 
I’ve been observing this thread and it seems to me that believers in the supernatural are misunderstanding the question, answering different questions, and challenging the validity of the OP’s own epistemology, none of which actually answer the question.

Which is: how can you have high confidence that a proposition about the supernatural is true?

It is not: Does the supernatural exist?
It is not: Does God exist?
It is not: Show how you use the epistemology of science to test the supernatural world.

An example that is very important to Catholic theology is as follows. The proposition is: “Human beings have souls which are their animating principles, but which lie beyond the natural domain, and so survive material death”. How do you know with high confidence that that is a true proposition? If you say because the Church tells me so, or Tradition tells me so, or because it’s a beautiful idea, or it’s self-evident to me, or scholastic metaphysics, that’s fine - the OP, and now me, are just trying to understand what reliable epistemology exists for supernatural propositions and whether there is any objective universally verifiable one (by universally verifiable, I mean verifiable in principle by anyone). Thomistic metaphysics might qualify, provided that its axioms, which are abstracted from observing the natural world, are indeed true.

Alec
evolutionpages.com
If your looking for a rationale answer there is none. It is by nature irrational to believe in some thing you can not see. Thus we base our belief on faith and for this very reason amaze non-believers. Just as there is no atheists in fox holes, every believer also has his/her moment of doubt as well. For me in any way, it’s more of a feeling. Even if I never read the bible or heard a preacher, I would be seeking for a higher being. I believe we are wired that way, to search for God. How is any of that rational? It’s not, but it is what it is.
 
I am pointing out that the consequent does not follow the ground, thus the conclusion is non sequitur. That is in fact a logical fallacy. Logic.
Actually, the fact that electricity is the flow of charges means that electricity is not God’s flaming sword (unless you’re using “flaming sword” in an extremely obscure, abstract sense) because a flow of charges is not a flaming sword. Nobody looks at an electrical circuit and says, “My, what a nice flaming sword you have there!”

I literally can’t believe you are trying to argue this point. It’s so ludicrous, in fact, that I’m starting to think you’re just trying to pull my leg. I’m going to invoke Poe’s Law.
Without logic, you could not carry out even the most basic reasoning.
Err…which logic? Classical logic? Intuitionist logics? Paraconsistent logics?

You make the same error in referring to logic as you do when referring to philosophy: there is no single logic just as there is no single philosophy. There are different camps that support mutually exclusive logics and philosophies. And so if you cite philosophy or logic to support your argument, you must qualify that reference by stating precisely which philosophy or logic you’re using.
That isn’t true. We don’t need science to explain logic at all.
I didn’t say we needed science to explain logic. We need science to show that certain arguments are sound or unsound. Like it or not, you demonstrated this point by invoking the Second Law of Thermodynamics to contradict my entropy argument. Logic would examine my argument and declare it valid, but wouldn’t have anything to say about its soundness. You need empirical observations for that.
Nothing about logic prevents us from using information derived from observation.
Logic doesn’t, but rationalism does. Rationalism holds that truth can only be derived by logical argumentation; any appeal to empirical observations is unnecessary and unfounded. This is why I asked you to refute my argument using logic alone, without appealing to observations. Predictably, you couldn’t do it. This shows that a rationalist view is insufficient. Or, at the very least, it shows that your logic isn’t sophisticated enough to verify the Second Law of Thermodynamics without empirical observations. And if your logic (which would presumably be the same as the logic of others) fails you in this regard, what makes you think logic alone is sufficient to derive all knowledge?
Philosophy is the basis for all reasoning.
Again, which philosophy? Which kind of logic/reasoning? You act as though philosophy as a whole is unified, but it is quite divided. Different philosophies will tell you different things, and there isn’t even a common logic that can be used to prove or disprove certain philosophies, because the nature of logic itself is a point of contention, as I mentioned above.
So you are willing to accept a necessarily false logical contradiction as true because it is convenient? That is nowhere near any standard of intellectual integrity of which I am aware.
No, I told you that I don’t think it’s necessarily true; I just think it’s a mostly true guideline. There is nothing wrong with living by guidelines. You wouldn’t believe me if I said that immaterial fairies are fluttering about your room, and rightfully so. You wouldn’t believe it because there is no evidence for it and it’s unfalsifiable. You would probably react similarly to other unsupported, unfalsifiable claims. Does this mean that every unsupported, unfalsifiable claim is false or meaningless? No, it doesn’t. However, it sounds a lot more reasonable living as though such claims are false rather than giving them the benefit of the doubt, doesn’t it?

And, lo and behold, history shows that the human race progresses every time our standard of evidence becomes more stringent. Is it surprising that humans are correct more often when they don’t go around making things up at their own caprice?
You just made the atheistic hard determinism argument, replacing causality with little green men, and then pointed out how ridiculous it is. I agree.
If you insist on strawmanning my argument, the least you can do is make sense. I didn’t replace causality with green men; I just made them the cause of your body’s actions rather than your brain. In other words, I changed the cause, but I didn’t replace causation itself–the green men would still be causing the actions.
However I suspect that you think it is ridiculous because you cannot imagine how it could be true, correct?
False. I actually can imagine that immaterial fairies and little green men exist. That isn’t terribly surprising, because I had enough imagination to concoct that “theory” in the first place, didn’t I? No, I reject it primarily because we already have scientific explanations of your actions in terms of materials (namely, anatomy and neuroscience), and so postulating immaterial beings to explain them is unnecessary and therefore violates Occam’s Razor. Falsificationism tries to keep people within reasonable bounds and prevent them from making wild metaphysical speculations where they aren’t needed.

And before you ask, no, I don’t think the most economical explanations are always true as Occam’s Razor would suggest. But the Razor is nonetheless a fantastic guideline. Again, humans are correct more often whenever they minimize the assumptions they make. The more guesses you make, the less likely you’ll be right.
 
I have been asking these questions, within threads, and no one, ever attempted to give an answer. So I am devoting a thread to this problem. The question is simple:

**How do we know if a proposition concerning the supernatural is true or false? ** In other words, what are the means or methods of supernatural epistemology?

It is asserted that the supernatural (God, souls, angels, whatevers) are not physical, and therefore they cannot be verifed empirically, by observation. (Of course there is a question then, how do these entities interact or influence the physical world. But that is a side problem at this moment.) Concentrate on the main question: “what is the supernatural epistemology?”. How do we gain knowledge about the supernatural?

The foreseeable answer: “by revelation” is not acceptable. Most of us never get a revelation, no matter how fervently and honestly we pray for one. The second possible answer would be: “by testimonials” - which is also unacceptable, since it would only push the problem one step back. How would we decide if the testimonial is without error, since we are fallible human beings?

Is there an objective, repeatable method, which would allow to separate the wheat from the chaff, which does not necessitate the a-priori acceptance of the claim (in other words, which can be used by a non-believer)?
There are probably two routes one could try; the first, like St. Augustines’, is the long hard lonely trail, like a snail you travel, burdened with increasing woes, across ever more troubled land but paradoxically, even while your body, soul and mind suffers in this terrain your eyes and ears and skin see hear and sense a terrible grandeur in it all, a vastness, a complexity of perfection, a Greatness of beauty. So either your burden or the beauty will get the upper hand of you in the end. If you select the beauty, as did St. Augustine, then you are at the start of a new trail, one with beauty at its end, as its end. And the snail never dies really because the snail is also part of all this terrible beauty.
However, that is the difficult way. One may opt instead, and, some may say, sensibly, for the swift and easy route which would be to recognize immediately the beauty that surrounds you and accept a Source for all that beauty, and which as modern science tells us, all sources must have their origin at the Big Bang, - but as Beauty needs material to be shaped precisely from the beginning in a certain fashion as well as another material precisely fashioned to have the ability to appreciate that beauty then this all requires an expert hand outside of our world which can and does transcend all Big Bangs and whose Masterwork is Beauty made material.
 
Writings with all the logic & philosophy is only interesting…

Most of philosophy is a boys club vocabulary game. The amazing thing is , most of the weird
existinkel words that are used, could be easily replaced with common familiar words.
80% of the rubble can be condensed using proper common words and straight forward common sense.

The below in clip could be said to all atheists and all…
Saturated philosophers.of all time.

So pretend all the philosophers of all time are sitting in with Dawkins for a good blast as well
👍 (Oreilly rocks…atheists and all philosophers are…YOU GUYS) "except the hitler stuff at the end

youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=2FARDDcdFaQ
 
Actually, the fact that electricity is the flow of charges means that electricity is not God’s flaming sword…
Still a non-sequitur. Have you seen G-ds flaming sword? Do you know what it is made of? Of course not. Hence you cannot reach that conclusion from the premise. The consequent does not follow from the ground.
I didn’t say we needed science to explain logic. We need science to show that certain arguments are sound or unsound…
I see, in that case it seems trivial to say that science is necessary to determining the soundness of scientific arguments.
Logic doesn’t, but rationalism does. Rationalism holds that truth can only be derived by logical argumentation; any appeal to empirical observations is unnecessary and unfounded.
Modern rationalism does not in general hold that truth is only derived by logical examination or that appeal to empirical observations is unnecessary and unfounded. From there the rest of your argument falls apart. Most of it seems based on a faulty or at least very extreme understanding of rationalism.
 
Concentrate on the main question: “what is the supernatural epistemology?”. How do we gain knowledge about the supernatural?..

…The second possible answer would be: “by testimonials” - which is also unacceptable, since it would only push the problem one step back. How would we decide if the testimonial is without error, since we are fallible human beings?
Perhaps testimonial by one person to another would not necessarily be proof, per se, of something supernatural, however, over a period of time, testimonies by many of the same things may be the “smoking gun” if you will.

Additionally, there are times when supernatural events can be recorded and reported. Take the miracle of the sun at Fatima, for example. Would a reported event by objective or even skeptical media confirming the occurrence of a supernatural event in addition to the testimonies of tens of thousands lend some sort of credence to the existence of the supernatural?
 
Still a non-sequitur. Have you seen G-ds flaming sword? Do you know what it is made of? Of course not. Hence you cannot reach that conclusion from the premise.
Therein lies the problem: a person doesn’t have to see a flaming sword to know what constitutes a flaming sword. Unless you’re using obscure definitions of “flaming” and “sword”, a flaming sword should be a metallic object surrounded by fire. A flow of charges consists of neither fire nor metal. Therefore, a flow of charges, or electricity, is not a flaming sword.
I see, in that case it seems trivial to say that science is necessary to determining the soundness of scientific arguments.
I’m not sure what you mean by “scientific arguments”. All I was saying was that some arguments need to have their premises substantiated by evidence. If we can agree on that much, then that’s great.
Modern rationalism does not in general hold that truth is only derived by logical examination or that appeal to empirical observations is unnecessary and unfounded. From there the rest of your argument falls apart. Most of it seems based on a faulty or at least very extreme understanding of rationalism.
I’m not sure which definition you expect me to use. According to Wikipedia, rationalism is a theory “in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive”. By that definition, rationalism would not accept “sensory” sources, such as empirical observations, as legitimate sources of knowledge. At the very least, that definition certainly implies that rationalism views empirical observations as unnecessary at best, and epistemologically useless at worst.

The Wikipedia article does state that there are varying degrees of rationalism, but I’m not sure why one would call oneself a rationalist if they weren’t adopting the most extreme version. If your claim is just that logic alone is the basis of some knowledge, rather than all knowledge, then I whole-heartedly agree. But it seems trivial to make a whole “-ism” devoted to this belief, because I don’t know a single person who would reject that logic produces at least some knowledge. The weak rationalist position is universally accepted, so I don’t know why we would need the “rationalist” label for it.
 
Its not a matter of looking for the supernatural…God is the all natural. Man is not God and therefore dis-ordered and un-natural. Creation is all about a point of reference, relativity, gravity etc etc etc. Denial of an ultimate point of reference ( Creator-God) would be illogical and thus affords the self with a defenseless existence, of coincidence.

Life is a becoming process which is never completed. No one really completes a life, it is in the attempt for meaning, not the acquisition of meaning, the never ending unfolding , of the paradox.

Its not a matter of looking for the supernatural flash, its a matter of our becoming, unfolding
toward meaning, becoming more natural, less dis-ordered . A flower or plant does not
supernaturally bloom at once…it would be disordered, un-natural. A plant must become and show good nutritive soil , time, patience and so on…

Individual self is a non-repeatable particular of the universal . Self cannot see self through the
eye of the creator or another. One does not know the whole true value or dis-order in self.

The value in man is observed from another showing value through acceptance, living or becoming toward order from dis-order, persevering , growing, giving, becoming …

This noticed value of another is then realized to be …“supernatural or God-Natural” in acceptance, perseverance, charity illuminating the natural in order from disorder… The supernatural is in the one thats loved, the supernatural is available and at our disposal everywhere, everyday. A simple repeatable test if you like .

We are bound in unity toward order to fully realize the God, hence the encouragement in truth and teachings for charity. Everything is inter-connected if you pay attention (not addressing anyone here)…just rambling along.

Whats the matter with you guys that you can’t get the justice mercy question?

Man is man. He is imperfect. Man cannot and will never be able to exercise absolute justice.
Only God can apply true justice and as we have learned from above only God can fully know the real you(soul)… in YOU (biological) Therefore relative to justice as we mortals understand,
the loving God would appear to be very merciful as he knows all about us, all the good excuses, not so good ones…but don’t forget the acknowledgment of a self excuse is a humble beginning…(guilt is illogical once it has its moment) and God would be very loving about everything, no doubt about it…So God-mercy-justice… God-Acceptence.👍

.
 
**How do we know if a proposition concerning the supernatural is true or false? ** In other words, what are the means or methods of supernatural epistemology?
Leaving aside all conceptions of God (theist, deist, pantheist, etc.) as potential answers to the Ultimate Question of Life, The Universe, and Everything, I suggest there are three rules on supernatural entities:
  1. Those which fall outside the framework of our personal beliefs are obviously false. For instance “angels are reasonable, fairies are not”.
  2. They become false whenever our interests are at stake. For instance psychotic and behavioral disorders can only be demons on Sunday.
  3. Any residuals are true for as long as they remain unexamined.
 
… A flow of charges consists of neither fire nor metal. Therefore, a flow of charges, or electricity, is not a flaming sword.
(Please Note: This uploaded content is no longer available.)
I’m not sure what you mean by “scientific arguments”. All I was saying was that some arguments need to have their premises substantiated by evidence. If we can agree on that much, then that’s great.
Arguments have no need of evidence. If the premise’ are sound then they are sound without regard to evidence. What you may mean to say is that for “certain arguments” as you put it, you want to verify that the premise’ are true. As you mentioned science, I can only assume that those certain arguments refer to arguments including observations from the practice of the scientific method. Hence ''scientific arguments".
 
That does not fulfill my definition of “sword”. Maybe it fulfills yours, though. What is your definition of “sword”? That’s really what this boils down to, after all: If your definition of “flaming sword” is vague enough, then what you’re saying may be true. But virtually every other person uses more specific definitions of those words.
Arguments have no need of evidence. If the premise’ are sound then they are sound without regard to evidence. What you may mean to say is that for “certain arguments” as you put it, you want to verify that the premise’ are true.
Umm…that’s exactly what I said. Read what you quoted again. I specifically stated that the premises of certain arguments had to be substantiated with evidence. That’s the same thing as “verifying that the premises are true”.
 
That does not fulfill my definition of “sword”…But virtually every other person uses more specific definitions of those words.
That isn’t true.
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQehvdChrfmn4om86i4t-TgJb-x-J-sbgV9iRhf2tBtm1DfGHuNow
This is a sword to hundreds of millions of Japanese
http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS7jYRx0GaOIj3V0vqA7RFutyocy1VTT7eEKwpsTizJE1Etv300
This was a sword for the Aztecs.
(Please Note: This uploaded content is no longer available.)
Some of these whalebone artifacts were swords to the Maori. According to you, none of these things are swords because they don’t fit your definition. Obviously that is a false claim. The consequent does not follow the premise. As I pointed out, it is a non-sequitur.
Umm…that’s exactly what I said. Read what you quoted again. I specifically stated that the premises of certain arguments had to be substantiated with evidence. That’s the same thing as “verifying that the premises are true”.
I think you are missing my point. Your desire to verify is not the same thing as certain arguments requiring verification. Arguments have no need of evidence. If the premise’ are sound then they are sound without regard to evidence. What you may mean to say is that for “certain arguments” as you put it, **you want to verify **that the premise’ are true. Which I do not have problem with until it is posed as a theory of knowledge, because then it is verificationism a well known logical contradiction. Hence any rejection of metaphysical statements will draw that objection. To put it more plainly, trying to exclude metaphysical statements because they are not empirical/verifiable/falsifiable is always an error in reasoning.
 
Hello Spock, 🙂

May the Peace of Our King and Lord Jesus Christ be with you and may our Blessed Mother Mary protect you and guide you to her son.

Spock, I’ve had a difficult pass twelve months. The winter was super difficult and I thought I would recuperate in the summer. But, no, the summer has turned out to be much more difficult than the winter. I saw the great title of your thread and thought to relax a little from the pressures of life. I have only read up to post number 6.
The Catholic Church asserts dogmatically that God’s existence can be known by reason alone, without any reference to faith. Unfortunately neither in the dogmas, nor in the catechism does it tell us (explicitly and in the necessary details) just how can this happen. In other words it tells us that there is a supernatural epistemology, but leaves it at that.
In my ignorance, I agree with you here. In the letter of Paul to the Romans Paul writes that the existence of God is evident in nature, but, between you and me here, it is not so evident to me. I see the sky, the beautiful sun, the moon, the vast ocean, and the leopards running wild and I can appreciate majestic scenes of nature - but they do not serve me as evidence of the existence of God. I am still trying to understand myself how it is suppose to be evident in nature because it is not to me. Although, of course, I KNOW that God exist and I KNOW that all that the Catholic Church teaches is the truth which is inspired by the Holy Spirit and the Bible is Sacred Scripture.
I was hoping that someone can “fill in the gaps”. So far it did not happen. It looks like that all the believers have a supernatural metaphysics - God exists - but no supernatural epistemology telling us, how can that be known? Of course you don’t need it, after all you have your faith, but you are supposed to be able to bring the “good news” to the rest of the world. Strange that God never gave you the proper tools to do that.
I have a lot of respect for your persistence. I am blessed with the gift and grace of knowing that God exist and you (so far) are not. Why me and not you? God knows and it is all for our own good. I pray that before you die God blesses you with the knowledge of his existence.

There is something that you are missing Spock. You have the wrong key to the door. You have to throw that old key you have and exchange it for a different one and I think the door will be open to you. Remember, he who you seek is God Almighty, Creator of Heaven and Earth, of All that is seen and unseen… It will not be your way but, His.

Again, Spock, in my ignorance and bad grammar and all here, I want to share something with you. Believe it or not, I studied epistemology for a year with the finest professors in the field. Yeap, lil’ ol me. I walked away understanding that we can not know anything for sure. Human knowledge is a big theory that cannot be proven and is filled with speculations etc…Neither the foundationalist nor the coherentists convinced me with their theory of knowledge.

However, on my own, I have come to understand, with the the Grace of God of course; because you see Spock, God gives knowledge of himself to whoever he wants and as he pleases. Remember when Moses went up the mountain and God spoke to him and told him to remove his sandals because the ground he was about to walk on was sacred? We need to respect God. A lot of atheists complain that they do not want to believe in a God that wants them to praise him. I have thought about this and maybe it is all for our own good. We need to trust our God who is Love itself.

Back to epistemology, well, I have come to understand in my old age here, that the knowledge that is true knowledge is that which is given to us by God himself and this often happens or has its foundation in our soul. The knowledge that you come to know through your soul is more valuable than the knowledge that you come to understand through your intellect.

My two cents worth…:twocents:

May God bless you and may the Holy Spirit enlighten you,

Abba
 
P.s.

Try to exchange:

human knowledge for Divine Wisdom and,

pride for humility.

Peace, 🙂

Abba
 
Believe it or not, I studied epistemology for a year with the finest professors in the field. Yeap, lil’ ol me. I walked away understanding that we can not know anything for sure.
So is what you say true? And do we have knowledge of what you say?
My hunch is that some of the material you covered wasn’t so fine.

But with regards to the rest of your post, thanks for the thoughts and sharing.

ciao,
Michael
 
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