Jon and Jessep,
You wrote: JonNC: *Hi Jerry, There is much here that I agree with, particularly on the J.D.D.J., and L.C.M.S. congregationalism. There are good confessional Lutherans who reject the J.D.D.J. simply on the fact that it was the LWF and ELCA that were involved. I have read it, and consider it quite a Lutheran document, as far as it goes. I’m not convinced that I can reconcile papal primacy and infallibility, or Purgatory (and its related issues). But, thanks for the time you spent on this response. I find your views quite interestng. *
Jessep: I thought the chief reason that the more confessional bodies rejected the J.D.D.J. was that Rome still affirmed the positions set during the Council of Trent.
I understand where you two guys are “coming from” regarding the matter of the Council of Trent (C. of T.) and its condemnations of Lutheran and Reformed teaching on the doctrines of grace. I once approached this, too, from the usual Lutheran standpoint, i.e. to quote the “anathemas” in the C. of T.‘s decrees and to leave it at that, giving the impression that the the Catholic Church, in its Tridentine pronouncements, condemns outright the doctrines of Justification and related soteriological doctrines. Perhaps this approach, a powerfully progandistic one, comes most directly from resort to Martin Chemnitz’ massive study of the C. of T. (as translated in the 4 volume edition by Fred Kramer under the title,
Examination of the Council of Trent) and quotation of the anathemas without much further ado.
Well, this simply will not suffice! I wanted to get to the root of this matter, so I acquired a volume that gives the full texts of the canons, anathemas, and decrees of the C. of T., namely, to give it an ISBD citation:
The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent / English translation [with introduction] by H.J. Schroeder. – [This ed. lacks the parallel Latin texts of the original 1941 ed.]. – Rockford, Ill.: TAN Books and Publishers, 1978. – xxii, 298 p. – Includes index. – ISBN: 978-0-89555-074-3, pbk.
What I found in Schoeder’s edition is that, yes, the Anathemas do appear, embracing the
entirety of what
both the Lutheran
and Reformed theologians had set forth (an important point to note for Lutherans, who certainly were not then, and still are not, in total accord with Reformed soteriology, despite its great resemblances to Lutheran teaching), but in the
context which the C. of T.‘s decrees themselves set forth. The “Council Fathers” at Trent refuted the Protestant teachings as they stated them, but they
also defined the Catholic Church’s own teachings
on the same matters. Taken in totality and in the context of the Tridentine documents, the Council Fathers denounced more the details of the Reformers’ doctrines than their totality, while adhering to “Augustinian” paradigms of soteriology (Justification, Predestination, etc.) as they themselves understood them. In setting forth “anathemas”, therefore, the C. of T. was
not proposing and approving of the direct opposite of what the Reformers taught, as Lutheran and other apologists so like to imply! If you do not believe me, read the C. of T.'s texts for yourselves!
That does not mean that Tridentine teachings on soteriology and morality are easy for a Lutheran or Reformed Christian to accept. Not so at all, but more because of the Council’s rather legalistic concept of sin and morality, the kind of thing that gave rise to Roman Catholicism’s infamous scrupulosity, especially as understood at a popular level. The concepts of “mortal” and “venial” sin make the sheer grace of God a bit clouded in the C. of T.‘s wording of Catholic moral and soteriological teaching, but they do not deny St. Augustine’s, St. Thomas Aquinas’, and other pre-Tridentine Catholic scholars’ understanding of Sin, Grace, and Salvation, which do not differ so markedly from the teachings of Luther as so many Protestants assume. The best attitude towards C. of T. teachings about faith, salvation, and morality, so “uptight” as it was in confronting the Protestant menace of the time, is to balance them with the less rigidly formulated teachings of earlier and later councils, including, of course, the Second Vatican Council. The Catholic Church’s teaching, after all, is based, so far as the Conciliar aspect of it is concerned, on the decrees of all of the Church councils, not just those of the Council of Trent.
I would like to go on further about this, but the space limits of C.A. postings may eliminate that possibility. Instead, I’ll close by recommending a short and easy (but, thankfully,
not simplistic) book, from C.A. itself, about Catholic soteriology which I have found very helpful:
The Salvation Controversy / [by] James Akin. – San Diego, Calif. : Catholic Answers, 2001. – 154 p. – Includes glossary and indices (“Scripture Index” and “Subject [and names] Index”).
In short, Lutheran guys, read both sides,
from their own sources, about these matters!
Pax, Jerry Parker