Why is it that Shoghi Effendi specifically called for twin pillars in the Baha’i system, namely the Guardianship and the House, yet the House continues on consuming both functions when it specifically states that BOTH pillars must be present?
First, I don’t think the House of Justice has stepped into the Guardian’s shoes. What happens rather is that new generations of Bahais who have never known the Guardianship are not aware of the difference between the two institutions, and they read the letters of the UHJ as if it was the voice of the Pope speaking ex cathedra on doctrine & morals. It’s reverential and usually well-meant, but fundamentally mistaken, and not what the Universal House of Justice intends.
In Shoghi Effendi’s vision the two institutions are distinct and complementary, and it is not possible for either to step into the shoes of the other. So when there was no House of Justice, the Guardian simply proceeded without legislating, and now we have to continue without the possibility of new authoritative interpretations of Bahai scripture.
There a section in Shoghi Effendi’s theological
Summa, “The
Dispensation of Baha’u’llah” where he says that the two institutions are complementary, not alternatives or substitutes:
Code:
“Each exercises, within the limitations imposed upon it, its powers, its authority, its rights and prerogatives. These are neither contradictory, nor detract in the slightest degree from the position which each of these institutions occupies. Far from being incompatible or mutually destructive, they supplement each other’s authority and functions, and are permanently and fundamentally united in their aims.”
Then the core sentence:
Code:
“Divorced from the institution of the Guardianship the World Order of Baha’u'llah would be mutilated and permanently deprived of that hereditary principle which, as ‘Abdu’l-Baha has written, has been invariably upheld by the Law of God….”
By “divorced” I think he is thinking of a forceable and artificial
separation, that is, if a version of the Bahai Faith were to be
constructed (eg by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab, in Shoghi Effendi’s day) without this institution, it would lack the hereditary principle. In that event, there would still be a theoretical hereditary element, since Abdu’l-Baha was the son of Baha’u’llah; but he says, without the Guardianship the Faith would be deprived of the hereditary principle, so he must mean, a *living exemplar *of the hereditary principle. This is just the hand that history has dealt us, and the deprivation is permanent. No way to fix it. But we – especially Americans with their anti-monarchial tradition – probably do not mourn the loss of the hereditrary element too much.
What follows is more serious :
Code:
“… Without such an institution the integrity of the Faith would be imperiled, and the stability of the entire fabric would be gravely endangered. Its prestige would suffer, the means required to enable it to take a long, an uninterrupted view over a series of generations would be completely lacking, and the necessary guidance to define the sphere of the legislative action of its elected representatives would be totally withdrawn.”
Integrity, stability, prestige and a long view are definite plusses that we do miss. But these ones are not entirely “lost” – because this sentence can be read to a certain extent as “If there had not been such an institution the integrity f the Faith would have been imperiled…” etc. If Abdu’l-Baha had died without the House of Justice elected and had not appointed the Guardian, it’s not hard to see that things would have gone very badly. However the Faith has suffered some of these negative effects through having one and one only Guardian: some prestige (no equivalent to the Aga Khan or Pope as a public figure), we’ve lost that element of the oral transmission of wisdom within the family. The Guardian has given us a lot of guidance about the sphere of legislative action that was not clear from the writings of Baha’u’llah and Abdu’l-Baha: his specifying that we must not “allow the machinery of
their administration to supersede the government of their respective
countries.” is priceless, to give one example.
So there we are: the Guardianship is no longer functioning. We have a great deal from the one Guardian we did have, and we can neither minimise the value of the Guardianship by saying nothing is lost, nor go to the other extreme and say that God’s plan has been completely frustrated by the end of the line after a single generation.
God’s will is not exhuasted by the “governor” model of providence (in theology-speak, gubernatorial providence). God is also described in the New Testament as one who reaps where he did not sow, which is to say, there is also redemptive providence, which opens every situation to a divine possibility. If gubernatorial providence was 100%, there would be no *** to redeem
Sen