The case for Christianity

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Every Christians ancestors have been outsiders at one point.
Comparing converts from a thousand years ago to enlightened people today…it’s a bit more of a hard sell. Plus many became converts for political reasons when their kings or Lords were converted. People don’t do that anymore, either.
 
Was that so of the 3000 at Pentecost?
A report that 3000 converted would be more believable if some of those 3000 corroborated the event. Similar to Paul’s claim of 500 that no one else knew about. If you have great confidence of factual reporting in the Gospels, then you’ll believe the claims. If you view the Gospels as evangelizing propaganda and containing exaggerations…not quite as believable…sorry. :hugs:
 
If you view the Gospels as evangelizing propaganda and containing exaggerations…not quite as believable
Every convert in the first century knew this as Paul was repeating a creed in the Letter to Corinthians. So all of Greece would’ve known and at least some would take it at face value.
A report that 3000 converted would be more believable if some of those 3000 corroborated the event
Tacitus refers to Jews in Claudius’s time getting thrown out of Rome because of a certain Chrestos, which is a malopropism for Christos. Many of those 3000 went back to.their homes, some of which were Rome. So they caused quite a stir.
 
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I have several people to respond to in this and other threads so I’ll be uncharacteristically brief

@0Scarlett_nidiyilii He made that quote based on his study on the matter. In fact, I would give a strike against anyone who made a quote on a topic without some study.

Re the fact that a majority of people believed in one or more deities: Argumentum ad populum? Really? C’mon, Scarlett, you’re better than that. 😉 Ignoring that people then had less knowledge of the universe to conceive how it could be created without diving intervention, we know that there are many things that a majority of people thought were true that turned out not to be. E.G.:
  • The Earth and every creature first on it was created fully formed.
  • Asbestos increases one’s safety.
  • Bob Hope was funny.

@lanman87 I had a whole thing written up on odds, but really @AlNg wrote it best. Think of it is that if you take something highly unlikely and repeat it many more times the odds of success become likely. If you put the odds that any planet has life is 1 in a billion then consider that a rough estimate of planets in the universe is 5 sextillion (5,000 trillion trillion!)

@mcq72 I in no way doubt your confidence or the sincerity in your beliefs. I do think you are conflating different meanings of the word “believe” when you talk about believing in a hydrogen atom or a black hole when compared to a belief in God. We can see the effects of the former without being able to literally see them.

Inquiring further about a natural explanation as to the origin of the universe in no way rules out a possible supernatural one. It does do is offer the opportunity to increase our knowledge of those origins. Steadfastly saying it can only be supernatural is a conversation stopper. We know more than just a few years ago because of said inquiries. In fact, in general rule research has often shown things that were thought of as supernatural to be natural, yet we don’t have anything vice versa.

When you say that the answer to where God came from was already answered, technically it was, but it doesn’t appear to have come about through anything other than someone saying God just is.

I agree that with you that with each question new questions get asked. That’s a GOOD thing. Sometimes only through knowledge do we even know what questions to ask. It’s not a knock against naturalism.

@Julius_Caesar
  1. They all disagree. Matthew has 0 in the tomb. Mark has 1. Luke and John have 2, but describe them and their actions very differently. We don’t say there are 3 people in jury when we mean 12. We don’t say there are 0 people at a party when we mean 20.
  2. Mark, Luke, and John said that the woman saw the stone had already been rolled away. That conflicts with Matthew.
  3. Matthew 28:8 said “8 So the women hurried away from the tomb, afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples.” and Mark 16:8 said “8 Trembling and bewildered, the women went out and fled from the tomb. They said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.” They’re OPPOSITES.
  4. That’s not at all what the text says. It’s a fabrication to attempt to rescue the text.
 
@Neithan One reason to deny multiple authors is The Synoptic Problem. And again just because a story claims that there were many witnesses does not make it more likely to be true than a story that claims few witnesses.

I am quite surprised you find the testimony for the Golden Plates of Joseph Smith to be sufficient. Your ID lists you as RC, not Mormon.

Disagreeing that the NT is evidence of the Resurrection isn’t an end to inquiry but a validation of it. If someone can reasonably explain the internal conflicts (of which there are many) then we can look on it more favorably.

Please show that those three axioms are unique to Christianity. 1 and 3 in particular seem to be in use by other cultures. For 2, if I understand correctly I would say modern science doesn’t see nature as intentional (created by a mind and/or with a purpose).

You say that claiming Mohammed is a prophet is begging the question, yet somehow you don’t see how asking how atheists deny the resurrection as also begging the question.

As far as the flood article you linked to denies that the story was myth as Jesus referred to it years later. It claims that the flood was local, but that it did wipe out all but 8 people, which causes all sorts of anthropological questions to crop up.
 
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I think the contradictions in the gospels go even further than the conflicting stories.
Note: I’m aware that there are various opinions from both scholars and theologians. This is just my view from reading those various scholars.
Mark wrote his gospel first. We know Matthew had a copy as he quoted or repeated…often verbatim…Marks. So did Luke. But, they also both changed some of the stories. Why? Either Mark was wrong and they were correcting it or they had heard or witnessed an alternate story. Even John seems to be a response to Mark, Matthew and Luke. If John also used the Synoptics as a source, we really only have one source…Mark. Additional stories not in Mark but used by Matthew and Luke don’t match each other either. So is Matthew correcting Mark and Luke is correcting Matthew? Was there a theological reason or an actual historical problem. We can’t tell and we’ll never know.

It just seems that we have one Gospel story from Mark then some retelling by Matthew and Luke and John and all making changes. It makes it look like only one witness with several versions of stories floating around by the various communities.

I realize there are apologetic answers to these problems but from an outsider perspective, it just sounds like…”well, it could have been this or that”. Just because there are possible answers doesn’t mean there were probable answers. Adding in a bunch of scenarios to reconcile them is just making a gospel that no one wrote…it becomes a fifth gospel that was written in another’s mind, but not by the gospel writers.
 
  • They all disagree. Matthew has 0 in the tomb. Mark has 1. Luke and John have 2, but describe them and their actions very differently. We don’t say there are 3 people in jury when we mean 12. We don’t say there are 0 people at a party when we mean 20.
  • Mark, Luke, and John said that the woman saw the stone had already been rolled away. That conflicts with Matthew.
  • Matthew 28:8 said “8 So the women hurried away from the tomb, afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples.” and Mark 16:8 said “8 Trembling and bewildered, the women went out and fled from the tomb. They said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.” They’re OPPOSITES.
  • That’s not at all what the text says. It’s a fabrication to attempt to rescue the text
1)No. Matthew’s ambiguous to whether the Angel actually went into the tomb.
2)Matthew and Mark’s angel are one and the same. If they choose to pick one angel, then the Evangelists are free to pick and choose what they want to emphasize.
3)Except Mark refers to them RUNNING FROM THE TOMB. Not opposites. Details.
4)If you read it without knowledge of the other Gospels. There are two solutions: John and Matthew are speaking of two different appearances, or both of them are the same. Similarities: They met Jesus and fall at His feet. Jesus tells them to tell the Apostles. No contradictions, just details.
 
This is just my view from reading those various scholars.
Mark wrote his gospel first. We know Matthew had a copy as he quoted or repeated…often verbatim…Marks.
The earliest say Matthew wrote first. So who’s to say Mark didn’t copy from Matthew?
 
The earliest say Matthew wrote first. So who’s to say Mark didn’t copy from Matthew?
Because Matthew is an expansion on Mark’s gospel. Those writing after another don’t make it shorter, they make it longer and add explanatory verses. The majority of scholars pretty much agree that Mark wrote first. Including Catholic scholars.
 
“Ma, Ma, Matthew’s copying me again!”
“No Ma, Mark’s doing the copying!”
“Why can’t you boys be more like John and Luke. They aren’t fighting”
“Well Luke’s Acting up now and John says he had a Revelation.”
 
Because Matthew is an expansion on Mark’s gospel.
So Papias, Irenaeus and Ignatius didn’t know the size of Mark?

Appealing to size doesn’t work, as the Evangelists were free to use whatever source they may have had.
The majority of scholars pretty much agree that Mark wrote first. Including Catholic scholars
Majority of scholars today, not majority of scholars back then.
 
1)No. Matthew’s ambiguous to whether the Angel actually went into the tomb.
You think he would leave out seeing an angel inside the tomb? That’s a fantastic part of the story. Even if we make the huge unwarranted leap that there was an angel or angels in the tomb, were thee one or two? One is not two and two is not one.
2)Matthew and Mark’s angel are one and the same. If they choose to pick one angel, then the Evangelists are free to pick and choose what they want to emphasize.
Mark’s angel was found inside the tomb and Matthew’s was found on the rock outside the tomb. In fact, Mark says the women were startled to see the angel inside, which wouldn’t make sense if they already met him outside.
3)Except Mark refers to them RUNNING FROM THE TOMB. Not opposites. Details.
Matthew said the women hurried from the tomb and ran to tell his disciples. Mark said the women fled (which means hurried) to NOT tell his disciples. The point of the contention is whether they did or didn’t speak to the disciples.
4)If you read it without knowledge of the other Gospels. There are two solutions: John and Matthew are speaking of two different appearances, or both of them are the same. Similarities: They met Jesus and fall at His feet. Jesus tells them to tell the Apostles. No contradictions, just details.
This reminds me of one apologetic I read where the person tried to square why Peter’s three denials of Jesus don’t match between Gospels. He concluded that Peter actually denied Jesus SIX times to make it all fit. There are no limits to what apologists will do to manipulate the text.
The earliest say Matthew wrote first. So who’s to say Mark didn’t copy from Matthew?
Do a search on Marcan Priority. It’s quite interesting. This article is no means comprehensive study of the matter, but it does show how editorial fatigue shows how Matthew and Luke copied from Mark and not vice versa.

Editorial fatigue is when either Matthew or Luke took a story from Mark using much of the same words, made a few changes, but then included words from Mark that only make sense without the changes.
 
You think he would leave out seeing an angel inside the tomb?
Mark didn’t say anything about the guards neither did Luke.
.
Mark’s angel was found inside the tomb and Matthew’s was found on the rock outside the tomb. In fact, Mark says the women were startled to see the angel inside
And again, Matthew seems to include a flashback.
Matthew said the women hurried from the tomb and ran to tell his disciples. Mark said the women fled (which means hurried) to NOT tell his disciples
No. Mark says they ran along the WAY and said nothing to anyone. No “He is risen” to crowds of people. Just shock. The longer ending indicates the women told the disciples.
Do a search on Marcan Priority. It’s quite interesting.
Will you do a search on the Four-fold Gospel Hypothesis if I do so? Pretty consistent with the Patristic testimony.
There are no limits to what apologists will do to manipulate the text.
Like how you’re manipulating the text to say it doesn’t match up? People like Augustine have dealt with these already and satisfied many.
 
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Mark didn’t say anything about the guards neither did Luke…
But they specifically said that stone had already rolled away. The fact that one of the gospels has guards is a strike against its consistency.
And again, Matthew seems to include a flashback.
What verses in Matthew do you consider a flashback?
No. Mark says they ran along the WAY and said nothing to anyone. No He is risen.
You’re focusing on the running and not on the speaking, which is the whole point. Mark said they didn’t speak and Matthew said they did.
Will you do a search on the Four-fold Gospel Hypothesis if I do so? Pretty consistent with the Patristic testimony.
This is odd. You suggested to @Pattylt that Mark may have copied from Matthew and/or Luke, yet the Four-fold Gospel Hypothesis specifically states that Matthew and Luke used Mark as one of their sources. So which is it?
Like how you’re manipulating the text to say it doesn’t match up?
So far I’ve pointed out several items that in a plain reading that conflict with one another. You have made accusations that I am misreading these passages, but have not provided anything that demonstrates this.
 
But they specifically said that stone had already rolled away.
Flashback.
The fact that one of the gospels has guards is a strike against its consistency.
Or it just means the Evangelists can pick whatever details they wish to zero in on.
What verses in Matthew do you consider a flashback?
Angel rolling away the stone.
Mark said they didn’t speak and Matthew said they did.
Matthew says nothing about whether the women talked to passerbys. Again, the longer ending of Mark says they did deliver the report.
yet the Four-fold Gospel Hypothesis specifically states that Matthew and Luke used Mark as one of their sources.
Nope. It states Mark used Matthew and Luke. You didn’t check it.
So far I’ve pointed out several items that in a plain reading that conflict with one another.
No. You’ve made claims about details and tried to make slam dunk arguments against the accounts. I’ve shown otherwise.
 
One reason to deny multiple authors is The Synoptic Problem. And again just because a story claims that there were many witnesses does not make it more likely to be true than a story that claims few witnesses.
The Synoptic Problem is as likely to multiply the original sources as to contract them (Q, L, A, M, R, B, etc.). I realize that claims are claims, and not evidence; and your counterclaims are also no more likely to be true without evidence.
I am quite surprised you find the testimony for the Golden Plates of Joseph Smith to be sufficient. Your ID lists you as RC, not Mormon.
We can impugn the testimony (as you’re doing with Christianity), but if 14 witnesses corroborate a material fact, that is sufficient to support the claim. It’s not conclusive because there is still room for doubt, but it certainly would support it (again, prima facie and before credibility challenges to impugn that testimony). Now, can you tell me why you don’t think that 14 witnesses is sufficient testimony? How many do you need? Why?
Please show that those three axioms are unique to Christianity. 1 and 3 in particular seem to be in use by other cultures. For 2, if I understand correctly I would say modern science doesn’t see nature as intentional (created by a mind and/or with a purpose).
In combination, I’m certain it’s uniquely Christian, especially the full human participation in both, by connecting transcendent rational divinity and immanent intelligible nature with humanity in a new and unique way. This doesn’t mean that Christianity is merely a metaphysical system, but implies how it developed the metaphysics that motivated and nurtured modern science. And “intentional” is necessary for science, or we could not think about it with any kind of intent. The term has both a volitional and rational meaning.
You say that claiming Mohammed is a prophet is begging the question, yet somehow you don’t see how asking how atheists deny the resurrection as also begging the question.
It’s begging the question with respect to the alleged fact of the Resurrection, which is the focal point to compare the truth claims of Christianity and Islam. It’s not the same to ask how or why you deny it; the point is to examine hidden assumptions.
It claims that the flood was local, but that it did wipe out all but 8 people, which causes all sorts of anthropological questions to crop up.
You can see how Catholics accepted the disconfirming evidence from geology. That was a hundred years ago. That process continued and continues. Not only did Catholics accept the disconfirming evidence, they were among those early geologists who searched for and discovered it. If nothing else, at least cut out the assumed conflict thesis in your approach: it’s not true and only confirms biases.
 
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As far as the flood article you linked to denies that the story was myth as Jesus referred to it years later. It claims that the flood was local, but that it did wipe out all but 8 people, which causes all sorts of anthropological questions to crop up.
I had just become a Christian at 21, and I just happened to be reading the newspaper (Los Angeles/South Bay). There was a very small article about a university studying the silt deposits from the Mississppi River and correlating them to rainfall on the continent. They found a layer of silt that would have required drainage of water that would have even covered the Rockies. They estimated the flood to have been about 7 or 8 thousand years ago. Not sure if it was a state university, nor the newspaper (LA Times or some local one). Article mentioned nothing of the biblical flood. I wish I kept the article. Be nice to research it.The article was 1975.

I also have seen some studies on human origin from genetic point of view that seem to indicate an original set of parents, or an original area (east africa/ middle east?).

I thought more than one geographical culture has " myth" of a “biblical” flood.
 
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The Synoptic Problem is as likely to multiply the original sources as to contract them (Q, L, A, M, R, B, etc.). I realize that claims are claims, and not evidence; and your counterclaims are also no more likely to be true without evidence.
Likely is a strong term. Yes, something like the Four-Document Hypothesis could mean there are more witnesses, but that’s by no means a given. One other possibility is that there is Q or Mark and then Matthew and Luke derived theirs from that. This could mean there was a source like a proto-Luke that got merged with Mark and/or Q, but it could just be the authors just used a single source and then jerry-rigged it to make it fit better with the OT. Matthew especially seems to do this.
We can impugn the testimony (as you’re doing with Christianity), but if 14 witnesses corroborate a material fact, that is sufficient to support the claim. It’s not conclusive because there is still room for doubt, but it certainly would support it (again, prima facie and before credibility challenges to impugn that testimony). Now, can you tell me why you don’t think that 14 witnesses is sufficient testimony? How many do you need? Why?
One verifiable witness is sufficient. A claim by one or two people that there were 500 witnesses when we can not verify them (or even name them) is insufficient.
In combination, I’m certain it’s uniquely Christian, especially the full human participation in both, by connecting transcendent rational divinity and immanent intelligible nature with humanity in a new and unique way.
What specifically is that way? How does this apply to how modern science is done?
This doesn’t mean that Christianity is merely a metaphysical system, but implies how it developed the metaphysics that motivated and nurtured modern science.
In what specific way did it motivate and nurture modern science that other cultures did not?
 
And “intentional” is necessary for science, or we could not think about it with any kind of intent. The term has both a volitional and rational meaning.
Thank you for that link. I was using the legal version of that term as opposed to the philisophical one. I’ve spent parts of the last day getting a crash course on intentionality, specifically how it was derived and how it is said to apply in science (specifically neuroscience).

Of the articles I’ve read, this one seems the most thorough. The fact that the brain can conceive of abstract concepts, can envision things that it can’t see (or even exist), and use this to understand the world wasn’t discovered by Aquinas. Every human knows this even from the caveman who made a cave painting to represent something. Aquinas may have coined the term, but he did not add anything to our understanding of how it all works. How neuroscientists use the term differs significantly from the philosophical term, and thus Christianity can’t take credit for the study of the brain’s function.
You can see how Catholics accepted the disconfirming evidence from geology. That was a hundred years ago. That process continued and continues. Not only did Catholics accept the disconfirming evidence, they were among those early geologists who searched for and discovered it.
The problem with how it accepted it is that it doesn’t fit with what we know about anthropology. The people in Noah’s story had full language, had ways to measure things, and could construct things. By the time humanity had reached that stage it had spread throughout much of the world, therefore a local flood would not have been able to kill all but 8 people and it certainly would not have required 2 (or 7) of each animal to be saved.
If nothing else, at least cut out the assumed conflict thesis in your approach: it’s not true and only confirms biases.
I’ve said many times in my time here on CAF that nothing I or anybody else say will disprove any faith. Faith was built to be unfalsifiable. There’s always one of the three Rs of Apologetics: Retreat, Redefine, and Rationalize to not put the faith in jeopardy. So I’m not engaging in conflict thesis, BUT when a faith makes a claim that can conflict with our knowledge and should be pointed out.

@ mcq72 I unfortunately can’t comment on an article that may or may exist, may or may not be accurate, and may or may not support your position. If you find it, please link it here.
 
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