The Reformed tradition, from which most other forms of Protestantism derive, threw out most of the Christian year for several reasons:
- It isn’t prescribed in Scripture;
- It teaches people to think some times are holier than others; and
- It distracts from the weekly Sabbath (and celebration of Christ’s resurrection), which they believed was taught in Scripture.
And yes, I agree that it’s not at all clear why the weekly Sabbath (transferred to Sunday) should be treated as holy when the yearly Passover or Pentecost should not be. Christmas is somewhat different, since there is no OT basis for it.
Anglicans were the main holdouts (within the broadly Reformed tradition of Protestantism), though Strasbourg reinstituted parts of the Christian year as well (this was before Strasbourg became Lutheran–the Lutherans of course never abandoned the Christian year). However, much English-speaking Protestantism has roots in Puritanism, which explicitly rejected this conservative Anglican approach and traditionally did not celebrate any part of the Christian year.
The Christian year is coming back, though. Most of my students are either nondenominational or belong to very low-church denominations, but they routinely speak of giving things up for Lent. It’s quite astounding to me–this was not the way most evangelicals talked when I was their age, a mere 10-15 years ago!
Edwin