Wildkit:
Baal Teshuva can include anything the person claiming it wants it to mean. Usually it is when a non-observant, Reform or Conservative Jew gravitates to Orthodoxy. Most often it is when someone is incorporated into one or another of the Chabad groups. (The Lubavich being the largest and most well known of these movements.) Baal Teshuva can someone from a Marrano family who returns to Judaism, sometimes generations later, after Jewish belief no longer exists.
It is really quite interesting, (the Chabad story that is). They came into being as a reaction to the founding of Reform Judaism, and are really a new movement. While they pose as Uber Jewish, most people are unaware that they are new. There was also an issue with their being so excessive and strict in their interpretation of Torah and the Talmud, and their anti-Christian stance that the question was addressed to the Bet Din of Slutzk which was at that time something akin to the Supreme Rabbinical Court of Eastern Europe. Up until the exile of the Jews from Spain important questions were addressed to the Rabbinic courts in Spain, after the Expulsion it was Slutzk that had that honor.
Well getting back to the Chabad Lubavich movement. The Rabbinic Court of Slutzk did what has rarely been done in Jewish History, they excommunicated the Chabad Lubavich movement. So they are something akin to the Sede Vacantists who’s factions claim to be the only ones who can interpret the Catholic Faith, and the leadership in the Catholic Church is invalid. Not 100%, but as close an anaolgy as we have.
I find it funny that the Chabad and other jews would consider me a Jew for life, based on my brit (Sephardic pronunciation of the ritual circumcision) and my mother being a Jew. They do consider me a Jewish Apostate, but still keep the Jewish part. My family went through the ritual period of mourning when I converted, but thanks to my Grandfather, who was a Rabbi contacting me and asking me why I converted, he and my grandmother, and then later my mother, father, and brother converted too. Only my sister, who is a nominal Jew did not convert.
Ben can rant and rave about what he and his handlers call Judaism, but from what I’ve read, he does not represent any form of Judaism that a rational, well educated Jew would recognize.