The Eastern Schism - Causes and Characters

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I was a lector, also.
The Latin office, especially post-Vatican II is really not comparable to the Orthodox office.
It’s not the same as spending time alone with God and His Word.
You are right, because maintaining the liturgical cycle is superior to any private devotion (and if you doubt that, go ask some traditional Benedictines what they think takes primacy, the liturgical cycle or private devotion). The study of scripture ideally should take place in the context of liturgy.
 
The Latin office, especially post-Vatican II is really not comparable to the Orthodox office.

You are right, because maintaining the liturgical cycle is superior to any private devotion (and if you doubt that, go ask some traditional Benedictines what they think takes primacy, the liturgical cycle or private devotion). The study of scripture ideally should take place in the context of liturgy.
I don’t agree with the idea but there used to be quite a stigma in the Orthodox Church on reading the Scriptures yourself. It was seen as dangerous because of the possibility for misunderstanding.
 
I don’t agree with the idea but there used to be quite a stigma in the Orthodox Church on reading the Scriptures yourself. It was seen as dangerous because of the possibility for misunderstanding.
It has nothing to do with a stigma. The private study of scripture is great, if done with a competent guide to the meanings of the scriptures, but the study of the scriptures in the context of the cycle of services takes primacy over such private endeavors, because the services reveal the interior ordering of the Scriptures (this being the true meaning of the maxim lex orandi lex credendi). Without the Tradition, the study of Scriptures would be like the endeavors of Calvin or Zwingli.
 
It has nothing to do with a stigma. The private study of scripture is great, if done with a competent guide to the meanings of the scriptures, but the study of the scriptures in the context of the cycle of services takes primacy over such private endeavors, because the services reveal the interior ordering of the Scriptures (this being the true meaning of the maxim lex orandi lex credendi). Without the Tradition, the study of Scriptures would be like the endeavors of Calvin or Zwingli.
Has anyone read “A year of grace of the Lord”?
 
Not dishonest. We both know it’s there…he’s ORTHODOX, for cryin’ out loud. What is he *supposed *to say?

However, what may NOT have been commonly known before was that he admits the possibility - however small - that Peter might be the Steward.

It’s a chink in your armor, Cav. Maybe even the Achilles’ Heel.

Peter might, just might, be the first in a line of perpetual second-in-command stewards who exercise God-given authority universally.
Since we believe that all bishops are Peter, I fail to see how the above presents any problem to the Orthodox position.
 
You are right, because maintaining the liturgical cycle is superior to any private devotion (and if you doubt that, go ask some traditional Benedictines what they think takes primacy, the liturgical cycle or private devotion). The study of scripture ideally should take place in the context of liturgy.
Like the Trappists?

I was a candidate at St. Joseph’s Abbey for five years, and almost entered. So, yeah.

But perhaps you are familiar with the monastic practice of lectio divina - an ancient form of prayer using the scriptures? It’s fairly common among the Benedictines. :rolleyes:

Seriously, Cav. You won’t actually interact with the scriptures I’ve presented, and I suspect it’s because you know you can’t disprove this argument with scripture.

I’m cautiously optimistic that no one can.

“No Father (or not many) used the image of the Royal Steward to support the papacy” is an argument from silence. That’s not much to stand on, but it appears to be the best you’ve got. Mt. 18:18 and Jerome just don’t get the job done.

Interestingly, while I think that the Royal Steward argument is irrefutable proof of a powerful, universal papacy, it is not the ONLY argument in the Catholic quiver. So, I may ultimately be shown evidence that the argument is weak or fails completely. Whatever. I’ll just turn my attention to Peter as rock, shepherd, keeper of the keys, etc. You know I have boatloads of scriptural and patristic support for those points.

However, the Royal Steward is a haymaker, because the authority of the steward in Egypt as well as Israel was unparalleled. It is an argument that silences any and all disputation about the universal authority of the Pope.

As an apologist, I look for airtight defenses and explanations of Catholicism. Maybe its because I spent so many years playing chess when I was younger. Anyway, when I examine the strength of the Royal Steward argument and the objections raised by Protestants and Orthodox to it, I feel comfortable knowing that this is an opening that I can play at any time with great confidence.

I anticipate the usual attacks on me to follow, but I’ll wait for something substantive on Mt. 16:18-19 and Is. 22:20-22 before responding further.
 
Like the Trappists?

I was a candidate at St. Joseph’s Abbey for five years, and almost entered. So, yeah.

But perhaps you are familiar with the monastic practice of lectio divina - an ancient form of prayer using the scriptures? It’s fairly common among the Benedictines. :rolleyes:

Seriously, Cav. You won’t actually interact with the scriptures I’ve presented, and I suspect it’s because you know you can’t disprove this argument with scripture.

I’m cautiously optimistic that no one can.

“No Father (or not many) used the image of the Royal Steward to support the papacy” is an argument from silence. That’s not much to stand on, but it appears to be the best you’ve got. Mt. 18:18 and Jerome just don’t get the job done.

Interestingly, while I think that the Royal Steward argument is irrefutable proof of a powerful, universal papacy, it is not the ONLY argument in the Catholic quiver. So, I may ultimately be shown evidence that the argument is weak or fails completely. Whatever. I’ll just turn my attention to Peter as rock, shepherd, keeper of the keys, etc. You know I have boatloads of scriptural and patristic support for those points.

However, the Royal Steward is a haymaker, because the authority of the steward in Egypt as well as Israel was unparalleled. It is an argument that silences any and all disputation about the universal authority of the Pope.

As an apologist, I look for airtight defenses and explanations of Catholicism. Maybe its because I spent so many years playing chess when I was younger. Anyway, when I examine the strength of the Royal Steward argument and the objections raised by Protestants and Orthodox to it, I feel comfortable knowing that this is an opening that I can play at any time with great confidence.

I anticipate the usual attacks on me to follow, but I’ll wait for something substantive on Mt. 16:18-19 and Is. 22:20-22 before responding further.
Your chess-style apologetics and belief in “an argument that silences any and all disputation about the universal authority of the Pope” seems somewhat incongruous beside your advocacy of lectio divina

I’ve been thinking about the royal steward for some time now, and hope to post a reply in the near future. It won’t be exhaustive (partly because I think the topic deserves some serious historical research) but I do hope to ground this discussion slightly more firmly on the solid ground of the history of ancient Judah.

Best,

N.
 
The Royal Steward was second only to the King in terms of authority which extended to all corners of the kingdom. That’s universal jurisdiction, plain and simple.

Here is the argument I have made:

If the office of Royal Steward is:
a. re-established by Jesus,
b. conveyed by the awarding of literal or symbolic keys,
c. second in authority only to the king,
d. universal in jurisdiction throughout the kingdom (by virtue of c above),
e. perpetual, and
f. ancient (ie., patristic) in origin,
then all Orthodox must admit that the Pope of Rome is everything that Catholics say that he is.

The only points in dispute are (a) and (f) - though both have been supported by the discovery of a quote from St. Ephraim.
Hm, I don’t think that’s true. Two premises unstated are:

(g) The Petrine office of Steward is passed on to the Bishops of Rome, and not to the other bishops.

(h) The Petrine office of Steward, passed on to the Bishops of Rome either
(i) cannot be lost, or
(ii) can be lost, but has not, in fact, been lost.

If your argument is to be watertight, you need to show the Orthodox and orthodox Protestants why they can’t reject these premises. The Orthodox are, at least, likely to reject (g); orthodox Protestants are likely to reject (h); both are likely to reject (h(i)).
 
Galileo and the Royal Steward

"In 1610, Galileo published his Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger), describing the surprising observations that he had made with the new telescope, namely the phases of Venus and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. With these observations he promoted the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus (published in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543). Galileo’s initial discoveries were met with opposition within the Catholic Church, and in 1616 the Inquisition declared heliocentrism to be formally heretical. Heliocentric books were banned and Galileo was ordered to refrain from holding, teaching or defending heliocentric ideas.[3]

“Galileo went on to propose a theory of tides in 1616, and of comets in 1619; he argued that the tides were evidence for the motion of the Earth. In 1632 Galileo, now an old man, published his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which implicitly defended heliocentrism, and was immensely popular. Responding to mounting controversy over theology, astronomy and philosophy, the Roman Inquisition tried Galileo in 1633 and found him “gravely suspect of heresy”, sentencing him to indefinite imprisonment. Galileo was kept under house arrest until his death in 1642. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair)”

Eventually, the views of the Catholic Church concerning heliocentrism changed, and today, most people accept the idea that the earth revolves around the sun. However, the question to be asked is: When was that fact true?

Was it true when the Catholic Church finally changed its views? Yes.
Was it true after Galileo was condemned for heresy? Yes.
Was it true when Galileo first began promoting his ideas? Yes.
Was it true before Galileo ever looked through his telescope? Yes.
Was it true before Copernicus proposed his theory? Yes.
Was it true in the age of the Fathers of science- Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Eratosthenes? Yes.
Was it true when God first spoke and put the stars and planets in motion. Yes.

The thing was true when God spoke, and its truth did not depend upon anyone - the Fathers of science included - seeing it.

Jesus re-established the perpetual office of the Royal Steward in His kingdom and sealed that commission with the transfer of His own keys to Peter. Today, most people who have studied the matter carefully conclude that it is true. However, the question to be asked is: When was this fact true?

Was it true when an insignificant Catholic munchkin posted it in this forum? Yes.
Was it true when other modern Catholic apologists mentioned it in their writings? Yes.
Was it true when Protestant scholars agreed that Peter is the steward? Yes.
Was it true when Gibson mentioned it and referenced Cardinal Bellarmine in 1738? Yes.
Was it true when the Fathers of the Church - Ephraim, Ambrose, Cassian and others saw it? Yes.
Was it true when other Fathers missed it or simply said nothing about it? Yes.
Was it true when God first spoke and gave Peter the only set of keys recorded in scripture? Yes.

The thing was true when God spoke, and its truth did not depend upon anyone - the Church Fathers included - seeing it.

Hope this helps.

:tiphat:
 
Since we believe that all bishops are Peter, I fail to see how the above presents any problem to the Orthodox position.
I understand that would be a separate and closely related discussion.

However, first things first. We can’t move on until Cavaradossi admits that Jesus established Peter as the steward based upon the plain black and white meaning of the texts.

Once we get to, “Okay, so what?”, then we can move to step two. 👍
 
Like the Trappists?

I was a candidate at St. Joseph’s Abbey for five years, and almost entered. So, yeah.

But perhaps you are familiar with the monastic practice of lectio divina - an ancient form of prayer using the scriptures? It’s fairly common among the Benedictines. :rolleyes:
Yes, a practice which appears in the rule of St. Benedict lumped in with daily manual labor. Hearing the scriptures in liturgy is the highest form of interacting with the scriptures, something which hearkens back to the ancient Jewish principle that he who heard the scriptures sung actually experienced them as if he were there himself.
Seriously, Cav. You won’t actually interact with the scriptures I’ve presented, and I suspect it’s because you know you can’t disprove this argument with scripture.
Neither have you proved the argument from scripture. You have merely asserted that two passages are related, but I don’t believe you’ve proved that from scripture alone.
I’m cautiously optimistic that no one can.
I’m also cautiously optimistic that you cannot actually prove your thesis from scripture alone.
“No Father (or not many) used the image of the Royal Steward to support the papacy” is an argument from silence. That’s not much to stand on, but it appears to be the best you’ve got. Mt. 18:18 and Jerome just don’t get the job done.
There are plenty of patristic passages about all of the apostles receiving the keys or about Peter accepting things from Christ in the stead of all the apostles. St. Jerome is simply one of many in that regard, and he is quite well within the norm for patristic teaching, when he asserts that all of the apostles received the keys. We have simply been so distracted by this ridiculous fool’s errand of “proving” things from scripture alone (first demonstrate from Scripture alone Jesus’ intent to establish a new perpetual lineage of royal stewards from scripture alone, and then demonstrate from Scripture alone that such a perpetual lineage was continued in Rome after the Apostle Peter’s death and then we’ll talk about “proving” things with Scripture alone) that I’ve not had time to cite many sources.
Interestingly, while I think that the Royal Steward argument is irrefutable proof of a powerful, universal papacy, it is not the ONLY argument in the Catholic quiver. So, I may ultimately be shown evidence that the argument is weak or fails completely. Whatever. I’ll just turn my attention to Peter as rock, shepherd, keeper of the keys, etc. You know I have boatloads of scriptural and patristic support for those points.
Yet nobody disputes that Peter had some type of primacy. The typical dispute is over the nature of that primacy, and who inherits that primacy from Peter. It must be so nice, setting up all of these strawmen to knock down, Randy, but at some point you actually have to address what the other side believes, and not what you present them as believing.
However, the Royal Steward is a haymaker, because the authority of the steward in Egypt as well as Israel was unparalleled. It is an argument that silences any and all disputation about the universal authority of the Pope.

As an apologist, I look for airtight defenses and explanations of Catholicism. Maybe its because I spent so many years playing chess when I was younger. Anyway, when I examine the strength of the Royal Steward argument and the objections raised by Protestants and Orthodox to it, I feel comfortable knowing that this is an opening that I can play at any time with great confidence.
Then I should think your logic needs a bit of work. You have not actually sufficiently demonstrated the reasonableness of your very own set of assumptions from Scripture alone, and without this, how can you claim that your ideas are founded upon Scripture? Your syllogistic reasoning may be valid (though as Novocastrian pointed out, your reasoning appears to be missing a few steps), but is it sound?
 
Your chess-style apologetics and belief in “an argument that silences any and all disputation about the universal authority of the Pope” seems somewhat incongruous beside your advocacy of lectio divina
I feel that tension myself. Many a day I think I should just log off, and pursue the Lord as the doctors of the Church such as Therese, Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross and others have done.

But then I’m reminded of how many people thank me for my work here both publicly and by PM, and I consider how much benefit comes from that. So, I’m torn.

Just bein’ honest. 🙂
I’ve been thinking about the royal steward for some time now, and hope to post a reply in the near future. It won’t be exhaustive (partly because I think the topic deserves some serious historical research) but I do hope to ground this discussion slightly more firmly on the solid ground of the history of ancient Judah.
The most promising post I have read in weeks. I look forward to anything you’d like to bring to the discussion, and I hope others will follow your example.
 
Hm, I don’t think that’s true. Two premises unstated are:

(g) The Petrine office of Steward is passed on to the Bishops of Rome, and not to the other bishops.

(h) The Petrine office of Steward, passed on to the Bishops of Rome either
(i) cannot be lost, or
(ii) can be lost, but has not, in fact, been lost.

If your argument is to be watertight, you need to show the Orthodox and orthodox Protestants why they can’t reject these premises. The Orthodox are, at least, likely to reject (g); orthodox Protestants are likely to reject (h); both are likely to reject (h(i)).
Wow. An actual argument. Thank you!

Would you concede at this point, however, that in order for g or h to be true, there must actually be a Royal Steward?

I think several folks want to get to your two arguments - prodromos likes g, I think - but we have others still dragging their feet on the primary resolution of the debate.

Now, if they want to say that because x, y, and z are true (in their opinion), then Peter could not have been the Steward. That’s fine.

But if they want to say, well, okay, Peter may have been the Steward, but that doesn’t mean that only/every Catholic Bishop of Rome thereafter was the steward, also - well, that’s a completely different discussion, IMO, requiring a completely different set of nuggets mined from the ECF’s.

If I’m going to be quoting the Fathers out of context, I at least want to know which bag to use. 😉

+++

By the way, what prompted you to think about the Steward? And what did you think of the quote (from Ephraim) which you and others requested? Are you satisfied that at least one ancient writer made this connection?
 
Yes, a practice which appears in the rule of St. Benedict lumped in with daily manual labor. Hearing the scriptures in liturgy is the highest form of interacting with the scriptures, something which hearkens back to the ancient Jewish principle that he who heard the scriptures sung actually experienced them as if he were there himself.
Lectio Divina is scripture reading lumped in with manual labor? That’s your understanding? <long, slow whistle>

Since you prefer hearing the scriptures in the liturgy, you may be interested to know that Catholics hear Is. 22:19-23 and Mt. 16:13-20 read together on the 21st Sunday of Ordinary Time in our three-year lectionary cycle.

Gee, do those two passages look familiar? :yup:

And what do you suppose the homily is often about? 🙂

Here’s a sample from Fr. Dwight Longenecker who started out as an Evangelical Protestant at Bob Jones University, converted to Anglicanism (catch that, Novocastrian?) where he became a priest, and then ultimately converted to Catholicism. Today, he is one of those rare married Catholic priests. From his blog:

Prime Minister Peter

The British monarchy helps explain the reading from Isaiah 22 at Mass today. The prophet says that the Lord will take the office of steward from Shebna and give it to Eliakim. The office of steward was like that of Prime Minister. In England the Prime Minister is asked to form a government by HM Queen Elizabeth II. He actually has no power until he takes a car to Buckingham Palace and meets the Queen in person and she personally and formally delegates her authority to him.

The steward of the King in the prophet Isaiah bears a similar office. He wears an official robe and sash conferring the dignity of his office and on the sash are the keys to the kingdom. The steward has the keys to the palace, the keys to the city gate, the keys to the treasury, the keys to the armory, the keys to the prison, the keys to the kingdom. Whatever he opens is open. Whatever he binds is bound. Jesus’ disciples would have understood perfectly his reference back to Isaiah 22 and would have understood clearly that he was making Peter the Steward of his Kingdom, the Viceroy, Prime Minister Peter.

read more here.
 
Since you prefer hearing the scriptures in the liturgy, you may be interested to know that Catholics hear Is. 22:19-23 and Mt. 16:13-20 read together on the 21st Sunday of Ordinary Time in our three-year lectionary cycle.
And when was that three year lectionary cycle created? '69?
 
Lectio Divina is scripture reading lumped in with manual labor? That’s your understanding? <long, slow whistle>

Since you prefer hearing the scriptures in the liturgy, you may be interested to know that Catholics hear Is. 22:19-23 and Mt. 16:13-20 read together on the 21st Sunday of Ordinary Time in our three-year lectionary cycle.

Gee, do those two passages look familiar? :yup:

And what do you suppose the homily is often about? 🙂

Here’s a sample from Fr. Dwight Longenecker who started out as an Evangelical Protestant at Bob Jones University, converted to Anglicanism (catch that, Novocastrian?) where he became a priest, and then ultimately converted to Catholicism. Today, he is one of those rare married Catholic priests. From his blog:

Prime Minister Peter

The British monarchy helps explain the reading from Isaiah 22 at Mass today. The prophet says that the Lord will take the office of steward from Shebna and give it to Eliakim. The office of steward was like that of Prime Minister. In England the Prime Minister is asked to form a government by HM Queen Elizabeth II. He actually has no power until he takes a car to Buckingham Palace and meets the Queen in person and she personally and formally delegates her authority to him.

The steward of the King in the prophet Isaiah bears a similar office. He wears an official robe and sash conferring the dignity of his office and on the sash are the keys to the kingdom. The steward has the keys to the palace, the keys to the city gate, the keys to the treasury, the keys to the armory, the keys to the prison, the keys to the kingdom. Whatever he opens is open. Whatever he binds is bound. Jesus’ disciples would have understood perfectly his reference back to Isaiah 22 and would have understood clearly that he was making Peter the Steward of his Kingdom, the Viceroy, Prime Minister Peter.

read more here.
The Queen does not delegate her authority to the Prime Minister. And when she charges him with forming a government, that government is of the Queen’s ministers, not his. And he is the first among equals (that is he has primacy, not supremacy).
 
And when was that three year lectionary cycle created? '69?
In contrast to the post-Vatican II Lectionary for Mass, the pre-Vatican II Roman Missal had only two readings for each Mass, on a one-year cycle (i.e., the same readings used every year).

Since Vatican II, each Sunday Mass has three readings (OT, NT Epistles, NT Gospels), with different readings prescribed for each year in a three-year cycle.

So, Catholics today are hearing MORE of God’s Word every Sunday as well as MORE of the Bible over a three year period. MOST people would consider this a good thing.

And, apparently, the Church sees some connection between Mt. and Is. that you can’t see.
 
The Queen does not delegate her authority to the Prime Minister. And when she charges him with forming a government, that government is of the Queen’s ministers, not his. And he is the first among equals (that is he has primacy, not supremacy).
If you say so. You’re British, not me. 🙂

My point was to illustrate the prominence of the Stewardship of Peter in Catholic thought…something that was challenged in this thread (or one of several others across which this argument has raged).

Despite the apparent mis-use of the analogy, Fr. Longenecker’s blog provides an example of Catholic teaching concerning the Stewardship of Peter on the 21st Sunday in Ordinary Time in this Lectionary Cycle.
 
The Latin office, especially post-Vatican II is really not comparable to the Orthodox office.
I have only attended the office once at the Greek Orthodox Church near me. It seemed quite extensive.
You are right, because maintaining the liturgical cycle is superior to any private devotion (and if you doubt that, go ask some traditional Benedictines what they think takes primacy, the liturgical cycle or private devotion). The study of scripture ideally should take place in the context of liturgy.
As an oblate at a traditional Benedictine Monastery, I can certainly attest to the truth of this!
 
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