The epistomological weakness of the logical problem of evil

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Here’s the problem here; you’re assuming that what I wrote is a proof for God. It is not. I am just pointing out that the existence of natural evil in no way disproves a loving God. There are other, completely different arguements that I use to prove God’s existence.
 
I’ll try and explain what I mean a little bit better:

I don’t accept what I’ve just said, the “bear arguement” as a proof for God. That would be absurd (though I do think that if you admit to MORAL, and not natural, evil that’s actually a proof for God since that means there must be an absolute good to judge against, but we’re not discussing that anymore). I have other reasons for believing in God, and once I accept God’s existence I have reasons for believing in the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church teaches that God is completely good. So the “bear arguement” is merely used to rationalize a completely good God with natural evil. In order for it to work though, one must already accept a completely good God. So in the end, I suppose you’re all right; it doesn’t work as a proof in the sense you’re talking about. It doesn’t “prove” God, merely provides a way a loving God could allow natural evil.
 
… the “bear arguement” is merely used to rationalize a completely good God with natural evil. In order for it to work though, one must already accept a completely good God. So in the end, I suppose you’re all right; it doesn’t work as a proof in the sense you’re talking about. It doesn’t “prove” God, merely provides a way a loving God could allow natural evil.
I assume you mean your initial analogy, the bear doesn’t understand that the pain and suffering is for the greater good. We weren’t expecting a proof for God. We were expecting a theodicy. Why God permits, no demands, that all of life since the beginning has been dependent upon gratuitous pain and suffering. Your answer is that it is for the greater good.

… and I’m still waiting to hear what that greater good is.
 
Any evidence for that? Or is that just a blind belief?
I think the burden of proof is on you to say that the bear died for NO greater good. As far as I know, no atheist philosopher has come up with such a proof. Now if you don’t have one either, it seems to me like you are just going around in circles and taking the path of the blind faith that you so readily accuse the other person of.
 
Absolutely true; you must speak the language of those you want to convert - that is, if I wish to convert atheists - I must speak in terms that they understand ;; appealing to scriptures, threats and blind faith not only fail to win the argument - but also compound their opposition to theism.

If I want to convert someone, citing a scripture they do not believe will acheive nothing. If theists think before they speak, just because we believe something does not mean that the person we are trying to persuade does - in the same way that a Muslim or a Bhuddist citing scripture I would just shrug it off - an atheist will do the same with Catholic teaching. As R Daneel rightly says, we have to argue on the playing field of our opponent; using examples and proofs that are relevant and compelling to our opponent and not just ourselves.

👍
I don’t think I explained my point clearly enough, although I did provide an example (that was ignored by R Daneel).

Yes, one must “speak the language” of the person you are trying to convert. But that is different from, for example, “assuming that the atheistic worldview provides sufficient basis for a meaningful discussion”. That is where the problem occurs.

Again, with the example I gave. When arguing against Mormonism, the analogous mistake would be to start with this:
  1. Accept that Joseph Smith is a true prophet
  2. Accept that the Book of Mormon is Divinely inspired
  3. Accept that the Mormon Church was desired by God.
Then, from that point - try to convert a Mormon to Catholicism.
How?
By trying to claim that Joseph Smith was actually a Catholic? Or that the Book of Mormon actually teaches people to be Catholics?

See the problem? You cannot accept the Mormon worldview in your argument and you have to show the correctness of the Catholic view. Otherwise, why bother trying to convert the person?

So, let’s look at atheism. Sure, we can “use the language” of materialistic-nihilism in order to make atheists feel comfortable. But what we can’t do is:
  1. Accept that materialism is solid basis for rationality
  2. Accept that philosophy is a product of empirical evidence alone
  3. Accept that materialism provides a foundation for understanding ultimate meaning
  4. Accept that concepts like “good” and “evil” can be understood from a materialistic perspective.
We really should go farther and refuse to accept that the blind, unintelligent, irrational, random movements of matter can produce truth (or again, a trustworthy foundation for reason).

But what happens instead (and what I was concerned with) is that arguments with atheism tend to assume that atheists should see the world basically the same way Christians (or just theists) do, but only “minus God”.

That is the deception in the atheistic view. Most atheists treat matters exactly that way. They unconsciously absorb the Catholic worldview and at the same time claim that God does not exist. This treats God as if He is just “added on” to reality, and not even a necessary addition. So, when you remove God, nothing changes. You can be an atheist who has a philosophy and discusses meaning, and even judges God as “evil”. But this is lie since it is using a theistic worldview to create the illusion of meaning. Atheism destroys all of that. But those who argue against atheism often forget how damaging (to humanity, intelligence, reason, discussion) a world without ultimate purpose really is.

If there is no ultimate meaning (as atheism proposes) then there is no “good” or “evil” in the abstract, philosophical sense since such things must be measured against an ultimate meaning for all things.
 
Which is the only valid method to argue. You should always argue on the playing field of your “opponent”, since that is the only method they will accept.
I explained why I don’t agree in my latest post in this thread, but I’ll offer you this. If you want to take your own rule seriously, then when you argue with me, you should argue on my playing field, ok? That’s the only method I will accept from you (since that is your rule).

My playing field demands that you acccept the following:
  1. God exists
  2. There is sufficent evidence to accept revelation of God’s teaching as found in the New Testament and explained by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.
  3. Human beings possess an immortal soul that will be judged by God at their death
  4. Teachings of the Fathers, Doctors and theologians of the Catholic Church offer valid and credible explanations on the nature of good and evil.
Now you can start by accepting all of those points without any need to argue them at all, ok?

Then after that, you can try to argue that moral evil that is found in human life, is an argument against the existence of God.

Are you willing to argue on my playing field?
You got to be kidding. Atheism is the denial of “irrationality” and the denial of “blind faith”. Of course it denies “ultimate purpose”, since that is a meaningless proposition. But it does not deny reason, free will, conscience, justice, and a whole lot of other concepts.
Atheism is perfectly compatible with irrationality. There is nothing within the concept of “God does not exist” that excludes irrationality.
When one denies “ultimate purpose” one denies that anything like “truth” has an unchanging reference point in an ultimate sense.
Thus, anything that is claimed to be truth is provisional and contingent on one’s subjective view.
Most importantly, when ultimate purpose is denied, this denies that there is a need for anything at all.
Thus, there is no philosophical difference at all between a truth and a lie.
A lie is not morally worse than a truth. Neither have any ultimate meaning or purpose.
The fact that humans (by physical and material processes alone, as atheism claims) can tell lies or truths, both just “are”. Neither is good or bad - they’re just physical processes.
The denial of “ultimate good” does not entail the denial of “all good”. What you say is totally irrational. I wonder what is the philosophical “depth” you speak of… not that it really matters.
I think you’re last comment, provides the answer to all the previous. In the atheistic view, it does not matter – because it cannot ultimately matter. What difference does it make? What one person claims as a “good” is “good for that person”.

Nature, matter, physical laws – these do not issue commands or judgements or condemnations about what is good or evil. Nature just “is”. A plant does what it does. A rock exists - not good or evil. A human being is entirely reducible to molecules - the same substances as rocks. This just “is” and it does not matter at all.

So, atheism reduces the term “good” to something meaningless. The same is true of the term “evil”.
 
For living organism with a nervous system, well-being is good, pain is bad. It is the nervous system that decides what is “good” and what is “bad”. Living beings seek out pleasant existence, and avoid painful existence - without any philosophy.
In Catholic terms, this is hedonism. Pleasure is good, pain is bad. Of course, even atheists deny this in practice, since they accept pain as good for a greater purpose. Additionally, if pleasure was what determined the good of an action, then whatever causes the most pleasure, would be the greatest good.
Many people follow that simple logic. Pleasure, obtained by whatever source, is good and pain (such as the pain of intellectual growth through the discipline of rational study) is evil.

Thus, atheism is irrational and basically glorifies selfishness and gluttony of pleasure.
For a predator, to kill a prey is good, for the victim is bad - and this is true, without an appeal to God.
On the contrary, the person who decided that one thing is “good” has placed himself in the role of God, making a judgement about actions that he cannot understand.
 
While I’m waiting to hear back from Marc Antony what this greater good is that compensates for millions of years of gratuitous pain and suffering, I’ll offer this quick 10 min video of Bart Ehrman discussing his book from a few years ago; God’s Problem.
amazon.com/Gods-Problem-Answer-Important-Question-Why/dp/0061173975

youtube.com/watch?v=QRTS_yM89gE

Ehrman is a renowned NT scholar and former minister. He previously had written a book, Misquoting Jesus, which goes over some of the, ahem, variances in the composition in the NT. But that’s not what lead to his de-conversion.

He was tasked to give a course on theodicy and during that work he realized that the evidential problem of natural evil could not be reconciled with an all-powerful, **all-loving **God.
 
I must say that I was rather disappointed when I read the linked references in this thread and the Theodicy/PoE thread. The references contained lengthy refutations of theistic defenses to the PoE (In the Theodicy/PoE thread the reference was at the Stanford Encycl. of Philosophy). Yet both references contained only conclusory statements regarding the existence of evil. They completely ignore the 500 pound gorilla in the room. This makes me wonder if the PoE isn’t a false-premise/trap argument used by atheists.
Slowlearner – thanks, and I agree with that and as you explained further. Exactly, “evil is assumed”. There will be a claim that “suffering is evil” but that must be measured against an ultimate purpose which is judged in the end. If there is no ultimate and the end is nothing, then pleasure is nothing, life is nothing and evil is nothing.

But atheists assume the Catholic worldview that life has meaning and purpose. Then they use this to judge some things good and other things evil.
A lengthy list of sad cases, which is meant to appeal to our emotions and thus establish the existence of evil. The argument then shifts gears, and takes on a scholarly, philosophical tone in laying out the PoE defenses and their refutation. (The ebonmusings piece is actually very poorly reasoned.)
Excellent analysis. There is an appeal to the emotions to cloud the issue. But this appeal is irrational. Materialist atheism should not have any emotions at all regarding the various movements of nature.
By the way, certainly there are those who deny evil. Moral skeptics and nihilists deny the existence of any objective morality. For these people, I respect the consistency of their thinking, but I pray (yes, like it or not, I love any of you moral skeptics and nihilists reading this) that their hearts could experience the joy of God’s love.
I have encountered these consistent atheists before and I respect their view. They follow the logic and conclude that there is no evil.
I have never found one yet who will deal with how I then try to appeal to the emotions though. 🙂 I will point out that if there is no evil, as they claim, then there can be no rational opposition to the Holocaust.
This is where they try to change the topic or attack Christianity, or deny their previous view that there is no evil, etc.

But that’s the problem. If you follow the logic, then human actions just “exist”.
That’s existentialism. The opening chapter of Camus’ “The Stranger” is the classic atheistic view. It’s consistent and logical and doesn’t flinch from the conclusions of what “lack of ultimate purpose” really means.

The book opens:

MOTHER died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I can’t be sure. The telegram from the Home says: YOUR MOTHER PASSED AWAY. FUNERAL TOMORROW. DEEP SYMPATHY. Which leaves the matter doubtful; it could have been yesterday.

The protagonist is detached from any meaning at all. Death itself just happens, and even the death of his own mother has him distractedly musing about what day it might have been. There’s nothing more than that.

Then in the famous scene where he shoots the Arab on the beach:

The sun glinted on Raymond’s revolver as he handed it to me. But nobody made a move yet; it was just as if everything had closed in on us so that we couldn’t stir. We could only watch each other, never lowering our eyes; the whole world seemed to have come to a standstill on this little strip of sand between the sunlight and the sea, the twofold silence of the reed and stream. And just then it crossed my mind that one might fire, or not fire—and it would come to absolutely the same thing.

He could kill the man or not – it’s all meaningless.
 
I wasn’t going to respond because I’m not a philosopher and was hoping somebody could give a better answer than me, but you seem very interested in hearing MY response, which is fine.

I don’t know what the greater good that will result is, but then I’m not omniscient. I don’t know every possible consequence of every action, so how could I know what the greater good is?
 
Reality is the burning death of animals in wildfires. Reality is the horrible pain to drowning in a tsunami. Reality is the crushing of bodies in Earthquakes. Reality is the black plague. Reality is leprosy. Reality is the fever of malaria. And zillions of other examples. That is reality… not the sugar daddy in the sky, who allegedly “loves” his creation, but allows all that horror to happen. With a “love” like that… who needs “hate”?
This is more of the emotionalism that substitutes for argument on atheistic websites. This clouds the issue and is irrational (as explained before).

You have already claimed that one’s own “pleasure” is good. Other atheists have explained that one’s own self-interest is “good”. There’s not much more to it.

With that as the foundation, then if a person finds pleasure in the thought of animals buring in a wildfire means that such things are not a horror at all, but are “good”.
If a person is very happy with the thought that people died due to tsunamis - then that kind of death, in the atheisitic view, is necessarily very good.

The fact that all of those “horrors” you mention might be pleasing to someone, means that those experiences – are “good”.

The emperor Nero took a lot of pleasure in burning Christians. He placed them on sticks and used them as torches to light his garden when he was having parties.

Since Nero got a lot of pleasure out of burning people, then his action was something very good to do.

That’s the logic of atheism.
 
I wasn’t going to respond because I’m not a philosopher and was hoping somebody could give a better answer than me, but you seem very interested in hearing MY response, which is fine.

I don’t know what the greater good that will result is, but then I’m not omniscient. I don’t know every possible consequence of every action, so how could I know what the greater good is?
Thanks for your honest answer, I respect it. You’re not alone in this view, many Christians are satisfied with this answer/explanation remaining a mystery.
 
This is more of the emotionalism that substitutes for argument on atheistic websites. This clouds the issue and is irrational (as explained before).
The OP posted on the logical problem of evil, which is defended with the greater good argument (still waiting to hear exactly what that is), but the evidential problem of evil is of concern to many philosophers, theists and non-theists. I’m reading this book for the 3rd time now amazon.com/Evidential-Argument-Indiana-Philosophy-Religion/dp/0253210283
With that as the foundation, then if a person finds pleasure in the thought of animals buring in a wildfire means that such things are not a horror at all, but are “good”.
If a person is very happy with the thought that people died due to tsunamis - then that kind of death, in the atheisitic view, is necessarily very good.
You’re using people with mental disorders to buttress your defense? Really?
Since Nero got a lot of pleasure out of burning people, then his action was something very good to do.
That’s the logic of atheism.
You have some kind of knowledge that Nero was an atheist? Anyways, you’re using another psychopath to defend objective morality.I’m not sure which fallacy best suits this argument; I think hasty generalization fits. You’re using a small, biased sample, generalizing beyond the limits of the population.

The natural, moral law is not limited to Christendom. In fact, the theistic fathers of the U.S.A. said these laws were self-evident. So did the pagan Greeks and Romans.

… but back to the problem of evil.
 
You’re using people with mental disorders to buttress your defense? Really?
I’m using atheism to buttress my defense, as I’ve made clear. If you want to consider atheism to be a mental disorder, that’s up to you. Again, “pleasure is good” and “pain is evil”.
You have some kind of knowledge that Nero was an atheist? Anyways…
I’ll start with the last word, “anyways” which seems the most appropriate since it indicates that the prior point was unnecessary or a non sequitur.
Let me help if I can …
It doesn’t matter if Nero was an atheist.
He took pleasure in what he did. It fulfilled his self-interest.
Therefore, according to atheistic principles, it was good.
you’re using another psychopath to defend objective morality.
I’m using a human being who found pleasure and self-interest in something to illustrate the logical requirements of atheism. The terms “psychopath” and “mental illness” assume a norm for human behavior. But given that human behavior is merely the result of material and physical processes then the idea that there is a “norm” is illogical. The idea of a “norm” is evidence of ultimate purpose again – a contradiction in the atheistic view. Again, nature does not label matter or physical laws as normative or psychopathic. A meteorite falling to earth is not a “psychopath”. It’s a physical object following natural laws.
This is exactly the same as the human mind or any human action. It is following physical laws (according to materialistic atheism).
I’m not sure which fallacy best suits this argument; I think hasty generalization fits. You’re using a small, biased sample, generalizing beyond the limits of the population.
You’re seeking to put a label on something rather than provide a contrary argument.

And no, this isn’t generalizing from a population. I’m arguing from general, philosophical principles. This is not a matter of taking a sample and testing it.
 
You are hung up on this “absolute” stuff. There is not such thing as “absolute” good. It cannot even be defined.

. . .

There is no “universal, absolute, objective good”.
Are you a moral skeptic?

As for evil, do you believe in objective evil actions?

Or is evil limited to whatever things any particular individual may dislike, want to avoid, or feel unpleasant emotions regarding?
 
I think the burden of proof is on you to say that the bear died for NO greater good.
And you think incorrectly. Suppose I would assert that there is a huge iceberg in the middle of the sun, and would demand you to “disprove it”. Could yo do that? To demand to prove a negative statement is a usual logical fallacy, frequently committed by theists, as your example clearly shows.
As far as I know, no atheist philosopher has come up with such a proof. Now if you don’t have one either, it seems to me like you are just going around in circles and taking the path of the blind faith that you so readily accuse the other person of.
To believe in the existence of the above mentioned iceberg would be an example of “blind faith”. Not only there is no evidence for it, but elementary physics and common sense would make the existence of such an iceberg highly dubious, at best - as a matter of fact, impossible. This is the same for the asserted "greater good’. First, there is no evidence for it, and second, its existence is contradicted by everything we know. Thus the belief is “blind faith”, nothing else.
 
I explained why I don’t agree in my latest post in this thread, but I’ll offer you this. If you want to take your own rule seriously, then when you argue with me, you should argue on my playing field, ok? That’s the only method I will accept from you (since that is your rule).
You misunderstood it. You don’t have to accept the opponent’s point of view, but you must use it as a working hypothesis. The arguments one brings up, should be founded on the opponent’s concepts. For example, you do not believe in the “Sola Scriptura”, but when you argue with a protestant, you should base all your arguments based on the “Sola Scriptura”. You should avoid arguing based on the Cathecism, on the Magisterium, on papal infallibility… It does not mean that you accept the Sola Scriptura as correct - but your arguments should be based upon it.
My playing field demands that you acccept the following:
  1. God exists
  2. There is sufficent evidence to accept revelation of God’s teaching as found in the New Testament and explained by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.
  3. Human beings possess an immortal soul that will be judged by God at their death
  4. Teachings of the Fathers, Doctors and theologians of the Catholic Church offer valid and credible explanations on the nature of good and evil.
Yes, I am willing to accept them as a working hypothesis, and I am willing to argue based upon them. I am willing to show that the above mentioned hypotheses lead to nonsensical results. Your trouble starts when you wish to say that the corollaries of those teachings clearly contradict our actual observations. That is the time when you will start to resort to “blind faith”, demanding that your “working hypothesis” be accepted, when all the evidence points to the other direction. When that is also shown to be erroneous, then the final “trump card” is played: shouting down the opponent, saying “who are you to question God, you miserable, dirty, immoral heathen?”. And that is the time when you “win” the exchange, because one does not argue with such idiotic “arguments”. By the way the word “you” is not meant personally, it is meant in the general sense.
Atheism is perfectly compatible with irrationality. There is nothing within the concept of “God does not exist” that excludes irrationality.
Yes, this is correct. Since atheism merely expresses a lack of belief in a “god” or “gods”, it allows all sorts of nonsensical beliefs. An atheist may believe in the Great Pumpkin.
When one denies “ultimate purpose” one denies that anything like “truth” has an unchanging reference point in an ultimate sense.
Yes. So what?
Thus, anything that is claimed to be truth is provisional and contingent on one’s subjective view.
Major error. That does not follow. For example, nature does not care, if someone lacks the belief in gravity, it will crush everyone who jumps off from a cliff.
Thus, there is no philosophical difference at all between a truth and a lie.
Sheer nonsense. A “true” proposition is in accordance with the external reality, while a “lie” is intentionally distorting the truth. Where do you get this kind of BS?
Nature, matter, physical laws – these do not issue commands or judgements or condemnations about what is good or evil. Nature just “is”. A plant does what it does. A rock exists - not good or evil. A human being is entirely reducible to molecules - the same substances as rocks. This just “is” and it does not matter at all.
Again incorrect. I am tired of explaining it for the thousandth time. Just look up how quantitative changes can lead to qualitative changes. Just look up emergent attributes. You think - incorrectly - that atheism is reductionism. And you are seriously wrong.
So, atheism reduces the term “good” to something meaningless. The same is true of the term “evil”.
Only according to your lack of comprehension.
 
My personal more emotional (and I guess a bit selfish) response to the problem of evil is that if all the horrible things (e.g. children dying etc.) were happening in a godless universe with only oblivion after death, that would be far worse and hopless than these terrible things happening (for whatever reason) in a universe with a loving God and afterlife.
 
This is more of the emotionalism that substitutes for argument on atheistic websites.
Just as a reminder, this is an argument about emotion. Christians often claim that God loves His creation, but when you read about the horrors R Daneel has related, what emotions do you feel? Anger? Disgust? Sadness? Does God feel these things too? If so, then his feelings are evidently insufficient to motivate him to take action. If not, then in what sense does he care about us? Either way, his so-called “love” seems pretty useless. Maybe we should just all be grateful he doesn’t smite us on a whim…
 
My personal more emotional (and I guess a bit selfish) response to the problem of evil is that if all the horrible things (e.g. children dying etc.) were happening in a godless universe with only oblivion after death, that would be far worse and hopless than these terrible things happening (for whatever reason) in a universe with a loving God and afterlife.
Well, it is true that it would be quite nice to have an afterlife, depending of course on what kind of an afterlife it would be. 🙂 Somehow hell does not look like a palatable option… But just because something “would be nice”, it is not a good idea to act as if it were true… would it? It would be nice to win a jackpot on the lottery, but should we base our existence on such an idea?
 
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