Shenango:
The Paraclete cannot be the Holy Spirit, because that Spirit was already at work in the world………
Well, why can’t it be the Holy Spirit? He has no beginning and no end and is not governed by space and time. It’s true that the Holy Spirit is already at work, being God Himself, but to understand the verse you have to understand the context of the events in John 16.
Even when Peter declared that Jesus is the son of the living God (Mathew 16), that knowledge was from the Father (made into reality by the Holy Spirit). The many miracles performed by Jesus were made possible by the power of the Holy Spirit.
When Jesus was living with the apostles, they were not sure his true purpose. Even if he was understood to be the Messiah, it was as a human savior to restore the Jewish kingdom and to drive the Romans out. But the longer they followed Jesus and witnessed to him, inevitably they became more dependants to him not only as a source of knowledge but as protector as well. It was Jesus who solved many problems and got them out of many predicaments.
Thus when Jesus said he would be leaving them, indicating his incoming death, the apostles were naturally anxious. But to Jesus, more were needed to be understood by them. Besides, at that moment Jesus’ mission (death and resurrection) was not completed yet. These truths could only be revealed by the Holy Spirit for them to believe.
John 16 should be understood as Jesus speaking to his disciples, warning and preparing them on the things to come. Therefore what he said to them should come to pass in their lifetime and not 600 years later where they would be already dead and gone. In the context of Jesus being always be with them, the promise of the Spirit was the promise of continuity. Jesus is the same yesterday, today and tomorrow.
But look at what happened on the day of Pentecost (the descent of the Holy Spirit). The disciples were completely transformed – they were able to talk and understand different languages, became courageous and knowledgeable. How amazing it was when the unrefined fisherman, cowering and denying Peter was able to speak like a mighty preacher resulting in 3000 people baptized. They were even able to performed miracles the way Jesus did to demonstrate the power of the Word proclaimed.
Thus clearly the intended action of the Holy Spirit – to start the church. It is not something to come 600 years later! But now and then, after Jesus had ascended to heaven.
Looking specifically at the related verses,
**John 16:13 (GNB) When, however, the Spirit comes, who reveals the truth about God, he will lead you into all truth. He will not speak on his own authority, but will speak of what he heard and will tell you of things to come. ** [this is where Muslims claim this verse applies to Mohammad].
But read at the next verse John 16:14 He will give me glory, because he will take what I say and tell it to you.
(1) Mohammad did not take what Jesus say and give it to them. Example
Matthew 16:21 (GNB), “… I will be put to death, but three days later I will be raised to life.”
(2) Mohammad did not glorify Jesus, which is contrary to what the latter said and done. Example
Philippians 2:9-11(GNB) For this reason God raised him to the highest place above and gave him the name that is greater than any other name. And so, in honor of the name of Jesus, all beings in heaven, and in the world below, will fall on their knees, and will openly proclaim that Jesus is Lord to the glory of God the Father.
The promise of the Holy Spirit is specifically for the disciples. Thus Mohammad could not be the promised Spirit.
Peace.
Reuben.