All of these are good points, including those brought up by RMcGeddon (even though I know he is wrong). But most people are still missing the overall point.
Mr. McGeddon, you are arguing based on what science can and can’t tell us about the physical processes of the brain, but I’m arguing on something totally different. You say that a person has no perspective until they have experiences…and I agree with you, 100%. But that still doesn’t explain why those experiences are “yours” in the first place. This still does not adequately answer the question of what it means to be an individual and where subjectivity comes from. Let me give you an example.
I know from empiracal observation that other people also experience things just the same as I do. Yet, I cannot verify this subjectively, because I am not them. There is a fundamental difference between me and every other being in the universe from my perspective, and this is an important fact to consider. This difference, even though it is only available to me, is a fundamental difference nonetheless, because it brings up a very important question. Why does it exist? If there is no fundamental difference between me and another person (because we are both made of material things only), there is no logical reason that I would have the “perspective” of one or the other. In fact, there’s no reason this unique, individual “perspective” should exist at all, given the fact that you claim that we are all fundamentally the same. In fact, if your theory is correct, there is no inherent difference between life and non-life, and therefore we are fundamentally the same as everything else in the universe, even down to the most non-living molecules.
You can argue that since everyone’s DNA is different, this accounts for differences is perspective, but this also does not adequately answer the dilemma of why our “perspective” is experienced through one being and not the other. If your theory is correct, there is no “imaginary boundary” between life and non-life. “Life” is just a collection of atoms connected and behaving in complex ways. If this is so, it makes no sense to suggest that after a certain point, subjectivity appears. To say this would suggest that the whole (the person with the perspective) is greater than the sum of its parts (the collection of atoms)…something that cannot be if we assume your hypothesis is correct.
The mere fact that we are all aware of our own perspectives and the fundamental difference that distinguishes “me” from “you” is proof enough that there must be something more to us than merely a collection of atoms. All other arguments must be based off this premise at the very least.
Again, if you see a flaw in my reasoning, please point it out, but I don’t think you will find one. Please don’t tell me that this is just merely my belief, for I find that very insulting when I just laid out my reasoning very carefully.
The soul does indeed exist, and it’s not merely a belief, as I said before, it’s common sense.