At Mass I like to think about what every word and expression means as I hear/speak it. You cannot do that if you don’t understand the language. Simply learning something by heart does not mean you understand what is being said.
I grew up in the pre-Vatican II Church, and I assisted at plenty of Masses in Latin. (Back in those days, children in Catholic elementary schools went to Mass every day. At my school, Mass was at 8 AM, and after Mass, we ate breakfast at our desks before we started our classes. Our first class was relgion.)
When I was in the 5th grade, I received a St. Joseph’s Missal, which I faithfully took to Mass every day. (And, I still have this prayer book, along with my late father’s prayerbook, which he, as a Methodist going to Mass with our family, always used.)
The OP asked what people did during the Mass. My recollection is that some followed along with the priest in their prayer books. Some prayed their rosaries or other devotionals. Some went to confession–during the daily Masses–never at the Sunday Masses. Some fell asleep–especially if it was a low Mass-- it was very quiet! A high Mass with a good choir (–my parish back then had an outstanding men’s choir!), was very inspirational to hear. It was even better when the priest saying the high Mass could carry a tune. Some, as I recall, were only marginal singers. I remember when I was in the 8th grade, we sang hymns throughout the Sunday low Masses, only stopping for the Gospel, the sermon, and the consecration.
I am in agreement with Thistle about wanting to think about what every word and expression means as I hear/speak it. I remember wondering WHY we had to have Mass in Latin–when I was quite young! And this was before I even realized what Vatican II was about! It was very difficult to learn some of the Latin text of the hymns. (It was very difficult to keep straight how the NO would be–we studied that in religion class and took quizzes on it! I didn’t do that well, as I recall!)
I think there was a growing fatigue among some Catholics in the time before Vatican II --the Mass was the samo-samo. Catholics packed the churches back then–but, I don’t believe that meant we were more devout than the Catholics of today. FWIW, there was a LOT of guilt in American society back then if you DIDN’T go to church on Sunday. People often judged your moral character on your church attendance. Lazy people slept in on Sunday. I remember my oldest sister (as a young adult who was out partying late on Saturday nights) dragging herself out of bed on Sunday to make it to the ‘noon show’, as she referred to the noon Mass.
It IS edifying to read of the devotion that many express here for the sacred liturgy. I would wager that those in attendance at the Latin Masses of today are far more devout than those of the pre-Vatican II church.
I was ecstatic when parts of the Mass were in English! I may go to a Latin Mass more out of nostalgia than worship. I do find that the words of the liturgy in English stay with me more than Latin ever did. (Although, I still can read the words to Tatum Ergo and O Salutaris–but, I didn’t realize for years what we were singing!)
I have studied three foreign languages (none of which was Latin), and I am quite familiar with what goes into language learning. For me, an all-English Mass is more meaningful than a Latin Mass–even with a translation in front of me. There is an emotional connect I have with English that I never acquired with the Latin.
If having Mass in Latin and in English unites the Church and brings us closer to Our Lord, then let’s move forward!