The Mass was considered exclusively the Holy Sacrifice of our Lord, where the presence of the people is accidental only.
That to me makes a lot of sense, and I think this is pretty obvious from the few times I’ve attended the EF.
In the EF, the participation of the laity is a pretty nebulous concept. Right now, that means the laity following the readings in a missal, but that’s a new phenomenon. St. Joan of Arc never followed along in a missal in her life; she couldn’t read. In fact, from what I understand, Missals weren’t even available to the laity until the second half of the 19th century.
In Hungar of Memory, a memoir by Richard Rodriguez, he describes attending the EF as a child in the 1950’s. He stresses that the laity were involved in private prayer during the Mass; he remembers the jingling of his mother’s rosary and her whispered Spanish Hail Mary’s during Mass. In fact, he loved that the Mass was both a public and private event; the public event of the Mass would go on adjacent to the private prayers of his mother. I realize that many people think that it’s inappropriate for the laity to pray the rosary during Mass, but his mother was probably doing what women in her family had done for generations. It’s very unlikely that her grandmother could read, and her grandmother probably didn’t have access to a Missal in Spanish. Who am I to judge her for her actions?
I think we need to come to an understanding of what is participation. I was thinking about this last Monday, when I went to a baseball game. I actually got to be out on the field to hold the flag during the National Anthem. After the National Anthem was over, we went back and had to disassemble the flag and put it away. Then we walked to our seats in the bleachers. By the time we got to our seats, it was the top of the third inning. (No scoring.) We were, however, listening to the game on the radio that was broadcasting the game at the stadium. As soon as we took our seats, I noticed that my friend looked seriously dehydrated. So, we immediately left and went to find water and some food, since we were all hungry. We ate our way overpriced food ($14 for a hamburger, fries and a drink!) and talked, keeping our eyes on the TV showing the game. Finally, after finishing our food, we went back and took our seats in time for the top of the seventh inning. Now, we were only sitting and watching the game for 3 innings, but does that mean that we were not participating in the experience of a Major League baseball game?