Acedia, or sloth, is one of the deadly or capital sins, which means that you become more prone to more sins whenever you indulge in it. Therefore to see if you have this vice, it can be best to check what other vices you have right now.
Here is a nifty table of how to find your predominant fault.
http://www.christianperfection.info/examination.htm
You do an examination of conscience. You then check at the right side which sins you predominantly have, then you go to the left to find out which is your predominant fault.
As you can see, the sins you become more prone to do, or “daughters”, because of acedia are “malice, rancor [also known as anger/spite], pusillanimity [or faintheartedness/cowardice], discouragement [more properly, despair], spiritual torpor [or laziness, the vice most people associate the sin of sloth/acedia with], forgetfulness of the precepts, seeking after forbidden things.” This list actually comes from
St. Thomas Aquinas’ discussion of sloth in his Summa Theologiae, and it is there you can find the reasons why these are the “daughters” of sloth/acedia.
To summarize St. Thomas’ points, acedia is a sadness towards divine things, and when we find something we do not like and it is forced upon us, it becomes pain and sorrow, and we tend to delay things that gives us such, so we become “lazy”, and we thus become lax in our duty, leading to “forgetfulness of the precepts”. If we keep on doing this we eventually run away from our duty, becoming “pusillanimous/fainthearted/cowardly”. Continued sorrow towards our duty soon becomes hate (“malice”) and eventually “anger/spite/rancor”. This is the source of the anger of atheists towards religion.
And yet we should have been receiving joy from spiritual things, so now we find them somewhere else: as St. Thomas wrote so eloquently from the same discussion on sloth,
This leads to “seeking after forbidden things”. I think this is a very important point: if you are suffering from the vice of lust or suffering an addiction, check if you are suffering from the vice of acedia/sloth.
Such a turning away from our proper end, of searching for happiness in the finite instead of the infinite and finding such pleasures lacking, leads to “discouragement” and “despair”.