The origin of sacred music

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The Latin Mass uses the Gregorian Chants. However, this is not the only form of the Mass. What kind of music did the older forms use and what are their origin?
 
I would speculate that some of the earlier chants of the Syriac liturgies (which are native to the Middle East) had roots in the Jewish temple chants.
 
Remember David and his Psalmody?

Five main streams of inherited material flow together into the chant, and within the melodic classifications of the chant they remain formally distinguishable from each other to this day. These include Jewish solo psalmody, whose basic model is preserved in the Invitatory, the Responsories, and the Tract; the monastic choir psalmody of the Divine Office; the ancient art of depicting faith in song; the ancient cantillation of the priests and lectors in the tones of orations and readings; and the popular elements of various kinds in the acclamations, doxologies, and simple hymns and antiphons.

The chant unites elements from ancient Jewish, monastic, priestly, and popular practices in various types of chants.
 
Ambrosian chant, Gallican chant, Mozarabic chant and Beneventan chant all pre-date Gregorian chant to a certain extent. The history is complex on how many mostly Old Roman and Gallican chant fused into Gregorian starting around the 9th century. Gregorian largely came from France in the Carolingian era. It largely was denatured andor fell into disuse by the 19th century. It underwent a revival near the end of the 19th century by the monks of Solesmes under the sponsorship of the Vatican.

The only three plainchant traditions in current use are Gregorian, Ambrosian, and to a very minor extent in Toledo, Spain, Mozarabic.

Of course one can go farther back to Hebrew before Christ. The picture is not 100% clear. A slow evolution rather than revolutionary changes.

What we know as Gregorian chant today is an evolving 19th century interpretation. Nobody knows what the original actually sounded like.
 
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