Erich:
d) What would someone who actually knew Isaiah 22:20-25 make of Isaiah’s judgment on Eliakim: “[T]he peg that was fastened in a secure place will give way; it will be cut down and fall, and the load that was on it will perish” (Isaiah 22:25)? Would such a person consider a comparison between Eliakim and the House of David, on the one hand, and Peter and the Church on the other, a favorable omen for either Peter or the Church?
On most of the other points, all I could answer is, “So?” I don’t get why that should make a difference - key vs. keys, bind/loose vs. lock/unlock, etc. Jesus didn’t quote the Scriptures verbatum. He often changed them up to fit His message, while still borrowing from them to bring up as a point of reference.
A prime example would be in Mark, where he talks of the master of the vineyard, “digging, planting, and such” and then changing up the parable.
But to your point of the peg falling down, Eliakim was told that his peg would fall down, and Israel was soon put into exile, the kingship was put in chains or killed. That sounds like a peg being torn down. Jesus, however, says “…
And I will be with you always….”, and “…*** the Gates of Hell shall not prevail against you…”.
So, yes, Jesus is absolutely referencing an office in a kingdom, an office that EVERY kingdom in the Ancient world had. But He is promising that this renewed office would not fail, “
and I pray that when you turn back, you will strengthen your brothers…”.
Last, but not least, I am a simple guy. I simply do not understand your point on Clement. The Church had already established that each “Church” was headed by the bishop (read Ignatius’ letters). So when Clement states that the “Church of Rome” has determined this or that, it is the bishop of Rome that has determined it. Read further into the letter, and see that Clement wrote in response to the Church of Corinth’s request. Why would a church ask another church to interfere in their internal affairs, unless they deemed the other church pre-eminent? You’ll find one or two other examples in the first 100-150 years of the Church where someone appeals to Rome to settle a local dispute.
Notworthy