The Pope

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Also, I think someone also mentioned that there is more than one type of cardinal. Could someone explain this?
 
Will8503 said:
Is every bishop of the Eastern Churches a cardinal? Also, what’s the difference between a bishop, cardinal, and patriach? I’m not sure I know exactly.
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Will8503 said:
Also, I think someone also mentioned that there is more than one type of cardinal. Could someone explain this?
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A bishop is two things, most simply: A successor of the Apostles, and the leader of a local church. Each apostle chose successors to take charge of the churches they founded, and they chose successors, etc etc. Every bishop has an unbroken line of succession back to the Apostles, and through them, to Christ.

They also lead a church in their diocese (a diocese was originally the way the roman empire was split up; a diocese is basically a province). The bishop is the leader of the church in each diocese.

Not too long after the founding of the Church, certain major cities became very influential in the Church, and surrounding dicoese’s would follow their leadership, adapt their rites, etc. These very important cities were originally Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and later Constantinople and Jerusalem. The bishops of those cities were known as Patriarchs (Thus, the Pope is the Bishop of Rome, known as the Patriarch of the West. The leader of the Greek Orthodox Church is the Patriarch of Constantinople, etc). Since then, there have been more Patriarchates created, such as the Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow, the Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon, etc.

To understand what a Cardinal is, one has to know about how the Pope is chosen. Originally, the Pope, since he was Bishop of Rome, was elected by the clergy of Rome. Eventually (im simplifying alot of history here), the Popes began to appoint important people (bishops, princes, etc) as honarary Roman clergy. They came to be known as Cardinals. To this day, Cardinals are given an honarary church in Rome when they are made Cardinals. In modern times, Cardinals are almost always bishops (Cardinal Dulles, who died very recently, was the only non-bishop cardinal).

Not all bishops in Eastern Catholic Churches are cardinals, just as very few Latin (western) bishops are cardinals. But most Patriarchs of Eastern Churches are made Cardinals.

Among the college of Cardinals (as they are known as a group), there are three ranks: Cardinal Deacon, Cardinal Priest, and Caridnal Bishop. This comes from the three different levels of ordination. When the early cardinals were made, they could be from any rank, so there were cardinals who were bishops, priests, and deacons. In modern times, the distinction is largely honaray; you move up a rank for time served, or doing something important. Unless you are an Eastern Patriarch. They are the only ones in all of Catholicism who skip directly to the rank of Cardinal Bishop.

Hope that helps 🙂
 
Dauphin said:
I must insist that the entire universal Church has an indelible Roman character. The See of Rome presides over the entire Church.
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In one sense, yes, but not in the sense that the character of the Roman Rite dominates the Church.
 
PrayForMeStJude said:
…Since then, there have been more Patriarchates created, such as the Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow, the Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon, etc.
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Yes for Moscow Patriatchate which is, of course, Orthodox. The matter of the Chaldeans, though, is a little different. Traditionally, the head of the Chaldean Church held the title Catholicos, as does HB Nerses Bedros of the Armenian CC. Catholicos and Patriarch are basically synonymous, and I believe (I do not swear) that Canon Law agrees.
 
Faustina2001 said:
Yes The Eastern Rite Has Cardinals, And as long as they are inline with the Pope then they can become Pope, The Tridentine church that follows the Pope before vatican two is not following the true teachings so therefore can not become Pope But most other branches can. As Long as Catholic. Bu the Cardinals in Rome get together and elect the next Pope.
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What do you mean the Tridentine Church that follows Popes before Vat II are not following Church teaching? Are all Popes before Vat II wrong?
 
PrayForMeStJude said:
The leader of the Greek Orthodox Church is the Patriarch of Constantinople, etc). Since then, there have been more Patriarchates created, such as the Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow
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Thank you all for answering my questions. Do the Eastern Catholics who are in communion with the Roman Pontiff have their own patriarch in Constantinople? And what about the Greek Catholics who are in communion with Rome?
 
malphono said:
Yes for Moscow Patriatchate which is, of course, Orthodox. The matter of the Chaldeans, though, is a little different. Traditionally, the head of the Chaldean Church held the title Catholicos, as does HB Nerses Bedros of the Armenian CC. Catholicos and Patriarch are basically synonymous, and I believe (I do not swear) that Canon Law agrees.
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The current Chaldean Patriarch’s official title is Mar Emmanuel III Cardinal Delly **Patriarch **of Babylon of the Chaldeans. Myabe its a translation thing?
Will8503 said:
Thank you all for answering my questions. Do the Eastern Catholics who are in communion with the Roman Pontiff have their own patriarch in Constantinople? And what about the Greek Catholics who are in communion with Rome?
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I do not think there is an Eastern-rite patriarch of constantinople in union with the Pope. There used to be a Latin-Rite patriarch there, i believe, but that was pretty much during the crusades.
 
Here, i pulled the complete list of Easter Catholic Churches off wikipedia, and bolded the ones which are led by patriarchs. I also put in red each church whose current or former patriarch is currently a cardinal.
The Holy See’s Annuario Pontificio gives the following list of Eastern Catholic Churches and of countries (or other political areas, consisting of more than country) in which they possess an episcopal ecclesiastical jurisdiction (date of union or foundation in parenthesis):
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Alexandrian liturgical tradition
  • Coptic Catholic Church (patriarchate): Egypt (1741)
  • Ethiopian Catholic Church (metropolia): Ethiopia, Eritrea (1846)
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Antiochian (Antiochene or West-Syrian) liturgical tradition
  • Maronite Church (patriarchate): Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Argentina, Brazil, United States, Australia, Canada, Mexico (union re-affirmed 1182)
  • Syriac Catholic Church (patriarchate): Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, United States and Canada, Venezuela (1781)
  • Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (major archiepiscopate): India, United States (1930)
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Armenian liturgical tradition:
  • Armenian Catholic Church (patriarchate): Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestine, Ukraine, France, Greece, Latin America, Argentina, Romania, United States, Canada, Eastern Europe (1742)
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Chaldean or East Syrian liturgical tradition:
  • Chaldean Catholic Church (patriarchate): Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, United States (1692)
  • Syro-Malabar Church (major archiepiscopate): India, Middle East, Europe and America.
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Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition:
  • Albanian Greek Catholic Church (apostolic administration): Albania (1628)
  • Belarusian Greek Catholic Church (no established hierarchy at present): Belarus (1596)
  • Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church (apostolic exarchate): Bulgaria (1861)
  • Byzantine Church of the Eparchy of Križevci (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (1611)
  • Greek Byzantine Catholic Church (two apostolic exarchates): Greece, Turkey (1829)
  • Hungarian Greek Catholic Church (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Hungary (1646)
  • Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (two eparchies and a territorial abbacy): Italy (Never separated)
  • Macedonian Greek Catholic Church (an apostolic exarchate): Republic of Macedonia (1918)
  • Melkite Greek Catholic Church (patriarchate): Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Jerusalem, Brazil, United States, Canada, Mexico, Iraq, Egypt and Sudan, Kuwait, Australia, Venezuela, Argentina (1726)
  • Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (major archiepiscopate): Romania, United States (1697)
  • Russian Catholic Church: (two apostolic exarchates, at present with no published hierarchs): Russia, China (1905); currently about 20 parishes and communities scattered around the world, including five in Russia itself, answering to bishops of other jurisdictions
  • Ruthenian Catholic Church (a sui juris metropolia, an eparchy, and an apostolic exarchate): United States, Ukraine, Czech Republic (1646)
  • Slovak Greek Catholic Church (metropolia): Slovak Republic, Canada (1646)
  • Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (major archiepiscopate): Ukraine, Poland, United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Germany and Scandinavia, France, Brazil, Argentina (1595)
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Technically those churches which originated from Antioch (bidirectionally, since they were in asia) deeper in the middle east are headed by a Catholicos and not a Patriarch. The eastern code of canon law makes no distinction of difference between the two though. This would include churches like the Chaldeans, and Armenians.

I apologize, I should have read earlier. Irrelevant of what his title is in English, historically his see (Mar Emmanuel’s) is a catholocate. Like I said, the Canon law makes no distinction as far as honorific goes but it would be the proper term.

There is no Eastern Catholic Patriarch in Constantinople.
 
Will8503 said:
Isn’t that because a patriarch is already a bishop?
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No; generally all cardinals are bishops (except in very rare circumstances; currently, all cardinals are indeed bishops).

The different ranks (cardinal deacon, cardinal priest, cardinal bishop) are pretty much just honorary. They don’t mean that the cardinal is actually a deacon, priest, or bishop (used to, but no longer do).
 
What is the significance of the term Catholicos again? Wouldnt that just mean Catholic? I know the patriarch in India uses that title. The Cath Ency. when I last read I thought it said it was a Nestorian term. They were heretice. What does this mean?
 
The pope can be from any Catholic Rite, so long as they are in union with Rome. We say in union with Rome, because that is where the Pope and the Vatican are.
Prayers & blessings
Deacon Ed B
 
Ite_ad_Ioseph said:
What is the significance of the term Catholicos again? Wouldnt that just mean Catholic? I know the patriarch in India uses that title. The Cath Ency. when I last read I thought it said it was a Nestorian term. They were heretice. What does this mean?
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No, its not a “Nestorian” term. The word derives from the same Greek word as “catholic.” As Formosus said earlier, it is equivalent to Patriarch and is considered such in Canon Law. To lessen the confusion, it might be best to use the term Catholicos-Patriarch, which reflects the intent of Canon Law.

A Catholicos heads a Catholicosate which, similar to a Patriarchate, is territorial. The head of the Armenian CC, HB Nerses Bedros, is technically a Catholicos. So too is HB Mar Emmanuel III of the Chaldeans who bears the dual title Catholicos of Selucia-Ctesiphon and Patriarch of Babylon.

Historically, we might say that a Catholicosate was a “daughter” of Patriarchate, hence Selucia-Ctesiphon (east of the Roman-Persian Imperial boundary) was a Catholicosate that sprang from the Patriarchate of Antioch but was independent for all intents and purposes.

The Syriac Orthodox in India (Syro-Malankara) are headed by the “Catholicos of the East” who is technically under the jurisdiction of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. I believe that the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church likewise has a Catholicosate subject to the Patriarchate.
 
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