The Quatum leap out of nothing

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Linus
Innocente’s statement, “…the chips in your computer and mobile phone couldn’t have been designed or made to work without it”, is not as pertinent for the computer as it is for the mobile phone. The design of an integrated circuit chip has nothing to do with quantum mechanics (QM); the heart of an integrated circuit (IC) consists of a complex arrangement of a vast number of simple “gates” that are all designed using Bollean algebra.

His statement about “couldn’t be made to work without it” is not as easily dismissed because there is some truth to his statement in that QM did open the door to the development (not the design) of the silicon transistor, the basic element of the IC.

Excluding those ideas like “quantum computing” that are highly speculative and as yet not “made to work”, I can think of only three applications of QM: the transistor, the laser, and some medical technologies like MRI. The first transistor “made to work” was a point contact resistor, for which the theory is still not understood, hence it was more of an invention than an application of QM. It was the first transistor put into production…

Soon after Bardeen and Brattain invented the point contact transistor, Schockley used the solution to the Schrodinger wave equation to develop a theory of bipolar junction transistors. Transistors evolved through the grown junction, the alloy, the diffused mesa, and finally the planar transistor. This advance in transistor technology proceeded without QM (name removed by moderator)ut; it was mostly technology with an occasional (name removed by moderator)ut from other scientific fields like solid state diffusion for establishing junctions; metallurgy for purification of silicon, metallization of contacts and wire bonding; chemistry for cleaning and etching of patterns; circuit theory for testing; organic chemistry for the photo sensitive coatings used on the photolithography; etc. All were essential to making transistors work. None of these technologies depended on QM.

QM opened the door that **allowed **the chip to be designed and “made to work”. However without the flood of technology that provided the means for manufacturing chips in large quantities, you (meaning the average guy) would not have a computer or a mobile phone; which is also true if the transistor had not morphed into the integrated circuit.

The design of the IC is based on Boolean algebra and electrical circuit theory. What made IC’s work were several “technological” advances such as: passivation of silicon surfaces, multiple layers of metallization, large diameter silicon wafers, super clean manufacturing environments and defect density control, development of smaller line widths (integration); computer controlled testing; and wafer stepper lithography. etc. Again these are QM free technologies.

However I am not about to dismiss QM completely, because the laser, a QM invention, has made it possible to increase integration to allow the manufacture of smart phones. When I left the industry 19 years ago, the state of the art of producing line widths, the minimum useable feature, was 250 nanometers. The ability to manufacture such tiny features was limited by the wave length of the ultraviolet (uv) light that was used for photolithography and the capability of the optics to resolve the resulting line width on the surface of the silicon wafer. The 250 nm was the limit for the uv light supplied by mercury vapor lamp and there was talk about going to x-ray wave lengths to produce smaller line widths. It was possible to make personnel computers with the 250nm technology, but I don’t believe it was possible to produce the kind of smart phones now available. Fortunately, it was found that smaller wave lengths of light in the uv range were available using Excimer lasers that translated in a reduction of line width features to lower than 45 nanometers obviated the need for x-ray lithography.

QM was used in the basic design of the junction transistor, but not the MOS transistor, the element with which integrated circuits are made. The MOS transistor was invented, the theory came later.

I have little doubt that the MOS transistor would eventually be discovered without QM theory, but it would have been discovered in one of the research laboratories associated with the great Semiconductor Companies much later in our history than it was. Once the MOS transistor was invented, the integrated circuit and all that it led to would have followed.

I hope this was something close to what you were looking for. If not I am willing to share my experience to answer any specific question you might have.

Yppop
Thank you for the time you spent on this, I learned quite a bit I didn’t know before. I am still curious about how QM was the key to the junction transistor. Would it have been possible for it to have been developed with out QM? And of course nothing here implies that QM creating anything.

Linus2nd
 
I don’t know how I went off tangent because I understood you when you wrote, “the chips in your computer and mobile phone couldn’t have been designed or made to work without it”, that you were specifically referring to the chip and not the computer or the mobile phone.

In my response when I wrote “semiconductor devices” I was implying “chips”. I have a BS in Physics and an MS in Solid State Physics and I worked in the semiconductor industry for 34 years in an engineering environment. I know both the theory and the technology (as it was 20 years ago when I retired). So, in my response, when I wrote " …but it [was] had nothing to do with the design of such devices and it certainly did not have much to do with “making it work”, I meant: “quantum mechanics” had nothing to do with the design of such devices (chips) and had little to do with “making it work”, which I interpreted to mean “manufacture”.

I then addressed the “design” and the “making it work” parts of your statement as they referred to the “chips” in the computer and the mobile phone in two subsequent paragraphs. I stand by my views in both of those paragraphs.

If there is a misunderstanding because of my use of “semiconductor device” instead of chip, I apologize for using the jargon of the industry. I should have used “chip”.

More on this subject when I get around to answering Linus 2nd’s response.

As for the poster who “argues that all science is entirely redundant in engineering as inventors get their ideas without ever learning any science and make the most complex devices by trial and error alone…” He is wrong if he meant “all” , but is partly correct because there is an inordinate number of inventions that preceded or were invented without knowledge of the theory that explained them. For example: the steam engine, point contact transistor, the mosfet transistor, liquid crystals, optical lenses; bridges, airplanes, AC current, and others

If you are familiar with Boole and Turing then I believe you will agree when I contend that philosophy (logic) was more important to the design of the computer than QM.

And just to add one more little defense for philosophy; most of the most famous physicists never stopped philosophizing. That is what the discussions about determinism vs.probability and the Copenhagen Interpretation vs. Many World Interpretation of the Schrodinger Cat experiment is all about. Philosophy is never dead.

I love science; I love philosophy; I love technology; I love mathematics; I love Art; I love history; but most of all I love God.
Thanks for your explanation, and looking at the posts again you are right, it was me who went off on a tangent. You must certainly have seen some technology changes during your career.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Transistor_Count_and_Moore's_Law_-2011.svg/667px-Transistor_Count_and_Moore%27s_Law-_2011.svg.png

So the number of transistors on an IC has increased a thousandfold since you retired. People keep saying it has to stop and the engineers keep proving them wrong. To me the fabrication of very large scale integration is a great unsung story, you guys need a collective statue for the technologies you develop.

Reminds me of some brilliant ads, so for old time’s sake:

Intel joke: youtube.com/watch?v=Gzi4xfMWMuw
Intel rock star: youtube.com/watch?v=q-8GVi2Fdi4
Intel co-worker: youtube.com/watch?v=T7QGI2CR5t8
 
If not I am willing to share my experience to answer any specific question you might have.
Would you say that QM is used in designing semiconductor heterojunctions, in particular, analyzing the band diagrams?
 
Linus
Innocente’s statement, “…the chips in your computer and mobile phone couldn’t have been designed or made to work without it”, is not as pertinent for the computer as it is for the mobile phone. The design of an integrated circuit chip has nothing to do with quantum mechanics (QM); the heart of an integrated circuit (IC) consists of a complex arrangement of a vast number of simple “gates” that are all designed using Bollean algebra.

His statement about “couldn’t be made to work without it” is not as easily dismissed because there is some truth to his statement in that QM did open the door to the development (not the design) of the silicon transistor, the basic element of the IC.

Excluding those ideas like “quantum computing” that are highly speculative and as yet not “made to work”, I can think of only three applications of QM: the transistor, the laser, and some medical technologies like MRI. The first transistor “made to work” was a point contact resistor, for which the theory is still not understood, hence it was more of an invention than an application of QM. It was the first transistor put into production…

Soon after Bardeen and Brattain invented the point contact transistor, Schockley used the solution to the Schrodinger wave equation to develop a theory of bipolar junction transistors. Transistors evolved through the grown junction, the alloy, the diffused mesa, and finally the planar transistor. This advance in transistor technology proceeded without QM (name removed by moderator)ut; it was mostly technology with an occasional (name removed by moderator)ut from other scientific fields like solid state diffusion for establishing junctions; metallurgy for purification of silicon, metallization of contacts and wire bonding; chemistry for cleaning and etching of patterns; circuit theory for testing; organic chemistry for the photo sensitive coatings used on the photolithography; etc. All were essential to making transistors work. None of these technologies depended on QM.

QM opened the door that **allowed **the chip to be designed and “made to work”. However without the flood of technology that provided the means for manufacturing chips in large quantities, you (meaning the average guy) would not have a computer or a mobile phone; which is also true if the transistor had not morphed into the integrated circuit.

The design of the IC is based on Boolean algebra and electrical circuit theory. What made IC’s work were several “technological” advances such as: passivation of silicon surfaces, multiple layers of metallization, large diameter silicon wafers, super clean manufacturing environments and defect density control, development of smaller line widths (integration); computer controlled testing; and wafer stepper lithography. etc. Again these are QM free technologies.

However I am not about to dismiss QM completely, because the laser, a QM invention, has made it possible to increase integration to allow the manufacture of smart phones. When I left the industry 19 years ago, the state of the art of producing line widths, the minimum useable feature, was 250 nanometers. The ability to manufacture such tiny features was limited by the wave length of the ultraviolet (uv) light that was used for photolithography and the capability of the optics to resolve the resulting line width on the surface of the silicon wafer. The 250 nm was the limit for the uv light supplied by mercury vapor lamp and there was talk about going to x-ray wave lengths to produce smaller line widths. It was possible to make personnel computers with the 250nm technology, but I don’t believe it was possible to produce the kind of smart phones now available. Fortunately, it was found that smaller wave lengths of light in the uv range were available using Excimer lasers that translated in a reduction of line width features to lower than 45 nanometers obviated the need for x-ray lithography.

QM was used in the basic design of the junction transistor, but not the MOS transistor, the element with which integrated circuits are made. The MOS transistor was invented, the theory came later.

I have little doubt that the MOS transistor would eventually be discovered without QM theory, but it would have been discovered in one of the research laboratories associated with the great Semiconductor Companies much later in our history than it was. Once the MOS transistor was invented, the integrated circuit and all that it led to would have followed.

I hope this was something close to what you were looking for. If not I am willing to share my experience to answer any specific question you might have.

Yppop
As a fellow ex-member of this industry may I say nicely explained.
Long live the OC72 transistor which I played with as an 11 yr old in the late 1960s 👍.
 
Thanks for your explanation, and looking at the posts again you are right, it was me who went off on a tangent. You must certainly have seen some technology changes during your career.
Yes, there were a lot of changes made during my career, but you can’t imagine how primitive the technology was in 1960 when I started. And now when I contemplate the technology that produced the smart phones that can do everything with but toast bread I can’t help but think how primitive the technology was when I retired in 1994. The advance of technology is mind boggling. And not just in the chip but also in the packaging and the displays.
So the number of transistors on an IC has increased a thousandfold since you retired. People keep saying it has to stop and the engineers keep proving them wrong. To me the fabrication of very large scale integration is a great unsung story, you guys need a collective statue for the technologies you develop.
That is exactly the point I wanted to make when I reacted to your comment about QM and took this thread off on a tangent even though I knew you probably were just using a throw away line for effect.
Reminds me of some brilliant ads, so for old time’s sake:
Love the first one, and the interesting thing about it is there are guys I’ve run into that make the joke completely plausible. The human mind is beyond imagination.

Thank you for keeping our responses in a discussion mode instead of the argumentative mode that is the usual mode (not that there’s anything wrong with that) in this forum.

Yppop
 
As a fellow ex-member of this industry may I say nicely explained.
Long live the OC72 transistor which I played with as an 11 yr old in the late 1960s 👍.
Blue,
Wow, a gallium, alloy power transistor. I looked it up; it was made by Phillips. Nevertheless, it brought back some pleasant memories.
Thank you for your comment.
Yppop
 
Would you say that QM is used in designing semiconductor heterojunctions, in particular, analyzing the band diagrams?
Just
I am not familiar with the theory behind heterojunctions, but band diagrams are derived from QM, so I would guess that the answer is: indirectly.
Yppop
 
Thank you for the time you spent on this, I learned quite a bit I didn’t know before. I am still curious about how QM was the key to the junction transistor. Would it have been possible for it to have been developed with out QM?
Linus
Wm. Schockley developed the theory of p-n junctions based on the Schrodinger wave equation. The procedure requires a long series of mathematical manipulations and assumptions. The end result of the procedure is a an equation of current flow across p-n junctions and a model of energy bands, and energy levels. Because of a real world of surface states and material defects, the model merely got the designer of a transistor in the ball park and from there the development of a transistor process proceeded heuristically (produce a design, build, measure, and adjust the appropriate parameters The heuristic process allowed engineers to accumulate empirical data, the technology evolved, and QM receded into the past.
A professor I once had for a solid state physics course began his initial lecture like this: “We will be studying the most important QM equation, the Schrodinger Wave Equation, that can accurately describe all of the elements in the periodic table up to and including hydrogen”.
And of course nothing here implies that QM creating anything.
I hope this little afterthought gets me back on line with the “theoretical aspect” of QM as implied in the OP and away from the “application direction” of QM that the semiconductor technology entails. However, I won’t ignore any technology questions.

As for the OP, I believe that QM had nothing to do with the universe “leaping out of nothing” from a substrate of virtual particles, zero point energy, a Higgs field, a quantum bubble, or any other scientific hypothesis.

The main argument to support my contention is this: We experience and science describes reality at an explicate level that which God creates at the implicate level.

Now by separating reality into two levels, I separate anything “science describes” from the reality of how “God creates”. So when someone claims that the universe emerged from a quantum bubble and even though they can find observable proof, I respond that, yes, I agree, that is the way God created it. Yep, the good old “God did it” routine that is so favored by creationists and the intelligent design gang. Now go back and look at the first sentence and find the important caveat. The caveat is the very important word, HOW. Unless our side, the belief in God side, can offer a plausible explanation for how God created at the implicate level, we are at a serious disadvantage in the war for the minds of man, because science is highly successful in describing how reality works at the explicate level. I believe there is a plausible way of describing “How God did/does it”.

Yppop
 
I believe there is a plausible way of describing “How God did/does it”.

Yppop
How does God do it then?

Does the mind of God collapse quantum probability in to actuality through self knowledge and thus the knowledge of all possible states superpositioned? And does the presence of other minds do something analogous to this through the knowledge of actual states but to a degree limited by their finiteness?
 
Linus
Wm. Schockley developed the theory of p-n junctions based on the Schrodinger wave equation. The procedure requires a long series of mathematical manipulations and assumptions. The end result of the procedure is a an equation of current flow across p-n junctions and a model of energy bands, and energy levels. Because of a real world of surface states and material defects, the model merely got the designer of a transistor in the ball park and from there the development of a transistor process proceeded heuristically (produce a design, build, measure, and adjust the appropriate parameters The heuristic process allowed engineers to accumulate empirical data, the technology evolved, and QM receded into the past.
A professor I once had for a solid state physics course began his initial lecture like this: “We will be studying the most important QM equation, the Schrodinger Wave Equation, that can accurately describe all of the elements in the periodic table up to and including hydrogen”.
It sounds to me that actually the technology could have developed without QM theory.
I hope this little afterthought gets me back on line with the “theoretical aspect” of QM as implied in the OP and away from the “application direction” of QM that the semiconductor technology entails. However, I won’t ignore any technology questions.
As for the OP, I believe that QM had nothing to do with the universe “leaping out of nothing” from a substrate of virtual particles, zero point energy, a Higgs field, a quantum bubble, or any other scientific hypothesis.
The main argument to support my contention is this: We experience and science describes reality at an explicate level that which God creates at the implicate level.
Not sure what you are saying here. What do you mean by " explicate level " and " implicate lever ? "
Now by separating reality into two levels, I separate anything “science describes” from the reality of how “God creates”. So when someone claims that the universe emerged from a quantum bubble and even though they can find observable proof
No one can provide " observable " proof of this. It is an invalid conclusion based on a mathematical model. Only God creates, though creatures can produce something new from some previously existing matter.
I respond that, yes, I agree, that is the way God created it. Yep, the good old “God did it” routine that is so favored by creationists and the intelligent design gang. Now go back and look at the first sentence and find the important caveat. The caveat is the very important word, HOW. Unless our side, the belief in God side, can offer a plausible explanation for how God created at the implicate level, we are at a serious disadvantage in the war for the minds of man, because science is highly successful in describing how reality works at the explicate level. I believe there is a plausible way of describing “How God did/does it”
We have offered many proofs, Thomas’ offere his Five Ways and others. Peter Kreeft lists about 24 proofs. Then there is Divine Revelation. So why are we in trouble? We cannot be expected to present arguments which give atheist no choice but to agree. Lack of arguments is not the problem. Atheists, or at least many of them, just do not want God to exist, so they reject Him and any argument offered.
Yppop

Linus2nd
 
It sounds to me that actually the technology could have developed without QM theory.

Linus2nd
I think what yopp is saying is that many technological innovations we have today which have in fact been created in light of QM theory might not of ever been realized or may have taken longer to invent if not for QM. I think it is a reasonable argument that some of the technology we have is a direct result of understanding how QM works as opposed to just trial and error. Which of course does in itself lend some validity to QM.
 
How does God do it then?
Quite frankly I don’t know how God really does it; what I developed is what I consider a plausible explanation of how God might create and sustain reality at an implicate level (the ground of reality). It consists of a very extended argument that I have presented on two threads in this forum with a variety of skeptical, disputatious, inquisitive, and accusative responses but very little genuine understanding and sustained interest (except for JDaniel). The threads are my, “God Exists, But How”, now on page 66 and JDaniel’s “Space”, now on page 52.
Does the mind of God collapse quantum probability in to actuality through self knowledge and thus the knowledge of all possible states superpositioned? And does the presence of other minds do something analogous to this through the knowledge of actual states but to a degree limited by their finiteness?
You almost got it. I would substitute “discrete space” for quantum probability. Superposition leads to the Many Worlds Interpretation (Parallel Universes) that is part of my thesis.

The other minds are us, and they increment the the s-frame that is our body (except for the impetus which is supplied by the Mind of God) in the same way that God increments the cosmic s-frame (a static configuration of all the particles of matter and space that make up the universe). I use the frame designation because all motion in the universe at the implicate level is incremental just like the film running through a motion picture projector.
Yppop
 
I think what yopp is saying is that many technological innovations we have today which have in fact been created in light of QM theory might not of ever been realized or may have taken longer to invent if not for QM. I think it is a reasonable argument that some of the technology we have is a direct result of understanding how QM works as opposed to just trial and error. Which of course does in itself lend some validity to QM.
I am in no position to question QM theory. But that theory does not conclude with the assertion that it proves that creatures have created something out or nothing. In fact it does not make the assertion that anything has been created at all. It merely states that given certain well defined conditions and applying a mathematical model to these conditions, a certain outcome is expected. That does not mean anything has been created. Indeed if something new has appeared, it would be impossible to prove that it was a creation. The only valid inference is that something has appeared that did not appear to be there before. You may say that God is creating whatever has appeared but you could not prove it. Indeed, if something new appeared no one can prove it has not been produced from some, hetherto unknown, pre-existing matter of some sort.

Creation is the prerogative of God alone, period.

Linus2nd
 
Quite frankly I don’t know how God really does it; what I developed is what I consider a plausible explanation of how God might create and sustain reality at an implicate level (the ground of reality). It consists of a very extended argument that I have presented on two threads in this forum with a variety of skeptical, disputatious, inquisitive, and accusative responses but very little genuine understanding and sustained interest (except for JDaniel). The threads are my, “God Exists, But How”, now on page 66 and JDaniel’s “Space”, now on page 52.

You almost got it. I would substitute “discrete space” for quantum probability. Superposition leads to the Many Worlds Interpretation (Parallel Universes) that is part of my thesis.

The other minds are us, and they increment the the s-frame that is our body (except for the impetus which is supplied by the Mind of God) in the same way that God increments the cosmic s-frame (a static configuration of all the particles of matter and space that make up the universe). I use the frame designation because all motion in the universe at the implicate level is incremental just like the film running through a motion picture projector.
Yppop
What I would say is that your interpretation seems to be limiting God’s act of creation to scientific theories that did not exist prior to the act of creation. To that I would answer, with all due respect to science and the abilities of scientists, that God’s Power, Concursive activity, and Providence is not limited by man and his science or by anything.

I am in no position to question QM theory. But that theory does not conclude with the assertion that it proves that creatures have created something out or nothing. In fact it does not make the assertion that anything has been created at all. It merely states that given certain well defined conditions and applying a mathematical model to these conditions, a certain outcome is expected. That does not mean anything has been created. Indeed if something new has appeared, it would be impossible to prove that it was a creation. The only valid inference is that something has appeared that did not appear to be there before. You may say that God is creating whatever has appeared but you could not prove it. Indeed, if something new appeared no one can prove it has not been produced from some, hetherto unknown, pre-existing matter of some sort.

Creation is the prerogative of God alone, period.

Linus2nd
 
I think what yopp is saying is that many technological innovations we have today which have in fact been created in light of QM theory might not of ever been realized or may have taken longer to invent if not for QM. I think it is a reasonable argument that some of the technology we have is a direct result of understanding how QM works as opposed to just trial and error. Which of course does in itself lend some validity to QM.
Linus,
Let me put the technology issue to bed. I believe that because QM was instrumental in the theoretical possibility of the junction transistor, it is a reasonable argument that some of the technology was expedited sooner as a direct result of understanding how QM works as opposed to just trial and error. It would have taken many decades of empirical work and fortuitous discoveries before the junction transistor could be developed without QM. On the other hand the field effect transistor was patented in 1926, but couldn’t be manufactured until much data and technologies, especially concerning surface passivation, were developed during the manufacture of the junction transistor. So QM expedited junction transistors that expedited MOS transistors. Kind of like a what came first the chicken or the egg situation. In my opinion the MOS transistor based on the field effect would have eventually been discovered and manufactured without QM but QM surely made the road to the IC quicker if not easier.
Yppop
 
Blue,
Wow, a gallium, alloy power transistor. I looked it up; it was made by Phillips. Nevertheless, it brought back some pleasant memories.
Thank you for your comment.
Yppop
Yppop who did you work for - Bell, General Electric, RCA, Motorolla?

(Talking of memories. I discovered that if one scraped the black enamel off the transparent plastic housing and exposed the junction… it then became a “cheap” photo-electric sensor sensitive to light).
 
Yppop who did you work for - Bell, General Electric, RCA, Motorolla?

(Talking of memories. I discovered that if one scraped the black enamel off the transparent plastic housing and exposed the junction… it then became a “cheap” photo-electric sensor sensitive to light).
I worked for Western Electric, as you probably know, was the manufacturing arm of the Bell system. We had a large Bell Lab section in our building and we worked closely together. I also spent sometime at Murray Hill, the hub of Bell labs. The Allentown Works where I was stationed was the site of the first transistor manufacturing line.

Western Electric, sadly, no longer exists, Lucent, now a design company, is all that is left of WE. Where did you work?
Yppop
 
It sounds to me that actually the technology could have developed without QM theory.
Read post 75. It expresses my opinion on the matter and since we are dealing with a hypothetical (the non-existence) of QM, that can never happen, all this verbiage is nothing but water over the dam. I apologize for taking this thread down the technology vs. science road.
Not sure what you are saying here. What do you mean by " explicate level " and " implicate lever ? "
When God created the world, He created it with such coherence (relationships between elements are dependably repeatable) that the phenomena that we observe can be described with mathematical equations and a selection of abstractions ( like mass, energy, gravitational force, etc., etc.). This is the “explicate” level of reality at which we experience phenomena that science describes

God created at a deeper “implicate” level of reality, the results of which are only manifested at the explicate level. We don’t know HOW He did/does this, but I have, in accordance of the precepts of “fides et ratio”, used my God given mind to devise a plausible (IMO) explanation of **how **that might create reality…

At the explicate level, the substrate on which science constructed its edifice is “continuous space”; the dynamics that activates the edifice is an abstraction we call “energy”; and the explanation that science offers is based on the laws of physics in the form of mathematical equations.
At the implicate level I conclude that the substrate is “discrete space”; the dynamics is provided by information and the Mind of God; and the explanation will be algorithmic.
No one can provide " observable " proof of this. It is an invalid conclusion based on a mathematical model. Only God creates, though creatures can produce something new from some previously existing matter.
Nasty thing you did here to split the first part of a sentence from the conclusion in the second part and answered the fragment with comments that I cannot imagine where they came from. I didn’t say that they can provide observable proof, I wrote “even though”, a phrase which requires a conclusion to complete the thought, and you separated it from my conclusion “that is the way God created it” that implies that no matter what science discovers I believe that that is the way God created it. And I back up my use of the “God did it” argument with a very extended argument as to HOW He did it. How is the operative word in the part of my comment that you separated from the first part of the first sentence.
We have offered many proofs, Thomas’ offere his Five Ways and others. Peter Kreeft lists about 24 proofs. Then there is Divine Revelation. So why are we in trouble? We cannot be expected to present arguments which give atheist no choice but to agree. Lack of arguments is not the problem. Atheists, or at least many of them, just do not want God to exist, so they reject Him and any argument offered.
Again I can’t coordinate your answer with my comment. I never mentioned “proof”. You can’t prove God exists or doesn’t exist in spite of Thomas’ and Kreeft; their proofs have no impact on the minds of young people when compared to the materialistic, liberal college professors they are exposed to, even those in many of the so-called Catholic colleges. My thesis is aimed at those young people that are wavering and find no way to answer the scientific based arguments of materialist, the cynic, and the skeptic and not aimed at the atheist whose mind is every bit as set in concrete as yours and mine.

So let me enlighten you with what I contend:
  1. God exists; I believe it even though there is no way to prove it.
  2. God created the universe out of nothing.
  3. God sustains the universe.
  4. Theology is losing the battle for the minds of the young to materialism and the collapse of the fabric of society.
  5. Using reason and the help of the Holy Spirit we can find a plausible non-theological answer to counteract the scientific based arguments that support materialistic secularism.
Yppop
 
I worked for Western Electric, as you probably know, was the manufacturing arm of the Bell system. We had a large Bell Lab section in our building and we worked closely together. I also spent sometime at Murray Hill, the hub of Bell labs. The Allentown Works where I was stationed was the site of the first transistor manufacturing line.

Western Electric, sadly, no longer exists, Lucent, now a design company, is all that is left of WE. Where did you work?
Yppop
That’s Interesting. I did not work on the manufacturing side, just small electronics design houses. Did a stint as a humble field applications engineer involved a bit with Philips, Fairchild, Philips and Agilent semiconductor products.

Your implicate/explicate model is an interesting one, I have not come across the terminology before. Any sources for me to investigate or is it more a condensation of your own wisdom?

If I understand it correctly it is based on Aristotelian distinction between insensible substance (not known) but inferred from sensible accidents?

Your comments re proof…
Yes I agree with all you say though I do believe that sensible effects do “prove” at least the **existence **of an inaccessible cause (whether it be a “sensible substance” or even an insensible substance such as “God”).

In the case of “sensible substances” both science and human cognition allows us to access (explicate?) the “essence” of such substances (though not perfectly or easily).

In the case of “insensible substances” it seems to me that we do not seem to be able to get much further than positing the mere existence of them and we can say only very little (and understand even less) of whatever “essence-ial” predicates we may try to apply (explicate?) to them beyond inference of their existence.

Proof:
I suppose it would be interesting to define what we mean by “proof” in this regard anyway.
Most people seem to mean the certitude of statements inferred directly from sensible effects (formalised in the scientific method).

Yet there seem to be other (logical/metaphysical?) assumptions that such empirical protocols of “proof” rely on that are accepted without understanding or question. eg principles re relationship of cause/effect. These sorts of principles of reasoning itself obviously have to be “proven” in a different way.

I suspect “proofs” for the existence of God rely more heavily on “protocols of proof” that are no longer in favour or understood. Yet these “less empirical” proof protocols in reality seem to share a similar underpinning metaphysics that drives the more empirical scientific method proof protocol. Admittedly that metaphysics is heavier duty (eg potency/act), and it may be questioned.

But, as you say, in an empirical age this metaphysics seems like gobbeldy-gook. And maybe it is…maybe Descartes and co were right in throwing it overboard and saying the only “matter” is “sensible matter”. However sub-atomic physics does seem to be taking us back to a world which is best understood by positing the existence of “matter” that is not sensible…just as Aristotle/Aquinas allowed.
 
Your implicate/explicate model is an interesting one, I have not come across the terminology before. Any sources for me to investigate or is it more a condensation of your own wisdom?
I borrowed the implicate/explicate terms from a physicist named David Bohm; he has written several books that you can find on Amazon. I only read one of them, “Causality and Chance in Modern Physics”. He has written about QM, the Quantum Mind, Mysticism. and Society (he was a Communist). He splits reality into the two levels. He refers to them as the implicate and explicate “order”. He maintains a connection with scientific view in that he doesn’t view the observations of science as abstractions. Since Bohm was several intellectual levels above my intellect, my thesis is a lot simpler. He never left QM, I do. So my thesis in its entirety is my own even though I have borrow pieces from many sources. I think the biggest difference from Bohm’s view of the implicat/explicate is that I constructed my model of reality based on the unimpeachable idea the “God exists”, from which I speculate as to HOW God creates and sustains reality.
If I understand it correctly it is based on Aristotelian distinction between insensible substance (not known) but inferred from sensible accidents?
I guess, you might say that. In some sense the implicate level is not known because it is hidden (Bohm’s theory is referred to as a hidden variable theory) by the intense manifestation at the explicate level. Who can argue with the observation that gravity exists? Well someone that might ask what do you mean by gravity? How about this: gravity is an action at a distance, a universal force, gravitational field, a bending of space, or an exchange of a boson called a graviton. Because science can describe a phenomena in a variety of ways, the question then is not so much HOW does it exist (because it can be described in a number of ways), but WHAT IS THE CAUSE of a phenomena’s existence because all of science’s answers to the HOW question are nothing but abstractions for the cause. Describing HOW a phenomena happens is very important and I am devoted to science. That is why I believe, in the intellectual war between believers and materialist, we believers need a way to explain HOW God creates and sustains reality to counter the materialists’ use of science as their intellectual weapon.

Because it is God that creates at the implicate level, reality will be described with a simple mechanism that will not be a manifestation of any lower level mechanism and that will explain the cause of the phenomena observed at the explicate level.

Google “epic Conway’s game of life” and watch the complexity that can be generated with a simple algorithm. Each pattern is a demonstration of how the algorithm proceeds from a specific initial configuration of “living” cells. When watching it, I have no trouble contemplating God applying a similar mechanism at the implicate level to create objective reality.
Yes I agree with all you say though I do believe that sensible effects do “prove” at least the **existence **of an inaccessible cause (whether it be a “sensible substance” or even an insensible substance such as “God”).
In the case of “sensible substances” both science and human cognition allows us to access (explicate?) the “essence” of such substances (though not perfectly or easily).
In the case of “insensible substances” it seems to me that we do not seem to be able to get much further than positing the mere existence of them and we can say only very little (and understand even less) of whatever “essence-ial” predicates we may try to apply (explicate?) to them beyond inference of their existence.
Here is my very brief view of God’s mechanism:

At each moment the universe consists of single whole configuration of spatial points (points associated with the rational numbers that designate points of discrete space called s-points) that I refer to as the cosmic s-frame. The configuration of s-points is organized as particles of matter plus the space in between particles. Each cosmic s-frame is a static tableau of matter and space in its turn. The cosmic s-frame increments to a NEXT s-frame that has a slightly different configuration. The location of all the s-points in the NEXT configuration is determined by an algorithm. As the cosmic s-frame is incremented through successive configurations, the change in position of s-points at the implicate level is perceived as motion at the explicate level just as the objects on a movie screen appear to be in motion as the frames of the film are incremented through the projector. The incremental change of the configurations of s-points that represent matter at the implicate level is manifested as kinetic energy at the explicate level. Since , like gravity, there is probably another way to describe it, energy is not fundamental; it is an abstraction.

The impetus for the incremental change is the Mind of God.

That should empty the room!!

Yppop
 
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