The sufficiency of Christ

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I think what I posted above is quite a bold claim to make. I am not an expert on Catholic theology, so let’s wait and see if orther Catholics agree or disagree with my bold statement above.
I think “foolish” is probably a better descriptor. 😃

Now, you are being asked to support this foolish assertion that Catholics have a “low view” of the sufficiency of Christ.

Why would you expect Catholics to agree with you? The Apostle’s taught us that Jesus is all sufficient. 🤷
Christ and Him crucified = Adoption through propitiation?
I do agree that those that are adopted are adopted on the basis of His proptiation. Not all those for whom He made propitiation are adopted, and not all the adopted are saved.
 
My understanding is that the Catholic Church stands betwen man and God.
Well, we go that. What we want to know is, How?

How does a man’s body “stand between” himself and his bride?
Code:
It arbitrates for man in some ways.
Can you please explain what this means?
Code:
The Catholic Church is a man-made church, just like Presbyterians, Lutherans and Methodists. It is run by man, ordered by man, established by man.
If you believe that, it is no wonder you are having so much confusion! It is a good thing what you are asserting is false! On the contrary, what distinguishes the CC from the other denominations is that it is the one about which Jesus said “I will build my Church”.
To the extent that a church claims to speak for God it gets between God and man.
So, when Jesus said 'he who hears you, hears Me", He didn’t really mean that? He was probably just talking to hear Himself?
The Catholic church has lists of mortal sins, requirements that go beyond what God has given us in Scripture, graces that the church can dispense, etc.
Can you show us where in scripture it says that everything to be known about our faith is confined to it’s pages? Can you show me, in support of that, where it says we should worship in Sundays, and that there is such a thing as “Trinity”? can you show us where the “list” is of the books that belong in the Bible?
I, being Reformed, reject that the Catholic Church is the one true church and is Apostically traceable. I see it as just another denomination.
This makes sense. I guess if you did not hold that opinion, you could not, in clear conscience, be Reformed. 😉
 
Okay, would it be accurate to say that John Newton’s view would have a much higher view of the sufficiency of Christ than the Catholic view, why or why not? This is not a trap question, but more of a theological question on the work of Christ in regards to the sufficiency of Christ for sinners.
No, it would not be accurate. However, since you have never defined what you meant by “lower view” and now by “higher view”, it is not possible to really respond to your query.

You seem to be implying that, since we believe a person can apostacize, that “Christ is not all sufficient”. This is untrue, and therefore, it is difficult to understand your conclusion, based upon a false premise.🤷
 
ok 2nd, i would have to say the HOW the work of Christ is applied, is the main difference between the two camps. let me know if im getting warmer. but you cannot effectively discuss your point without bringing in limited attonement, since you are a calvinist. you believe that you are already saved. whereas the Catholic believes that we are redeemed and are in the process of being saved.(please correct me if im wrong fellow Catholics, since ive not been a Catholic that long.) you believe it is a once and for all cleansing based on your decision to follow Christ. even that is different in differing protestant denominations. but yes we do believe that Christ work is all sufficient, but we must make use of the means of Grace. is this what you are trying to get at? if so it would help move this thread along. God bless you and yours my seperated brother. lol!👍
Soli Deo Gloria

When you think about it and simplify our differences… Protestants believe that our justification and adoption through propitiation is based on the righteousness of Christ alone. It is never based on our personal righteousness that is gained through the cooperation of the grace of God. Therefore as a Catholic, you are not justified, or your sins are not paid in full, or you are not adopted in the family of God on the basis of Christ’s righteousness alone. It appears your salvation and final destination is truly a cooperation between God and man, making a shared glory between God and man. If you are familiar with the 5 solas of the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Theology is unable to proclaim Glory to God alone (Soli Deo Gloria) in your salvation. If man’s chief aim in life is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever, then a view which give God all the glory of salvation is the correct view… one in which Christ is sufficient for our full atonement and adoption into the family of God which cannot be revoked. In human terms, can you imagine a family adopting a child and later in life revoking and undoing the adoption based on something the child did. Most people would consider that to be a terrible act by parents who revoked an adoption of a child later in life. How can a Holy and perfectly moral and loving God undo an adoption which was based on the perfect righteousness of Christ? How sufficient is Christ for you?

God’s Everlasting Love
he who searches hearts knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God. And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.

What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things? Who shall bring any charge against God’s elect? It is God who justifies. Who is to condemn? Christ Jesus is the one who died—more than that, who was raised—who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? - Apostle Paul
 
Actually, what you have posted here is a falsehood, 2nd. Christ was the propitiation for the sins of the whole world. Not all become adopted. Adoption happens when we are united to Him in His death and resurrection (baptism).
If Christ propitiated the sins of the whole world; if Christ paid for all the sins of the whole world at the cross, if unbelief is a sin, then you are preaching universalism. God would be unjust if Christ paid for the sins of the entire world, and later punish the unbeliever in Hell for the same sins Christ already paid for.

Do you not see yourself as an adopted child of God in this life, and reject your sonship which was merited by Christ on your behalf?. Humans are either united to Adam or united to Christ. Each person is either a child of the devil or a child of God through adoption. Do you call on God as your Heavenly Father in this life?

For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” - Rom 8

The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him. He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. - John 1

By this it is evident who are the children of God, and who are the children of the devil: whoever does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is the one who does not love his brother. - 1 John 3
 
  1. Does God actually save sinners, or
  2. Does God give all men an opportunity to be saved?
http://menscrhp.com/images/cross_sunset.jpg

In which view is Christ sufficient and complete to save?

Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. - Hebrews 7:25
 
Soli Deo Gloria

When you think about it and simplify our differences… Protestants believe that our justification and adoption through propitiation is based on the righteousness of Christ alone. It is never based on our personal righteousness that is gained through the cooperation of the grace of God. Therefore as a Catholic, you are not justified, or your sins are not paid in full, or you are not adopted in the family of God on the basis of Christ’s righteousness alone. It appears your salvation and final destination is truly a cooperation between God and man, making a shared glory between God and man. If you are familiar with the 5 solas of the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Theology is unable to proclaim Glory to God alone (Soli Deo Gloria) in your salvation. If man’s chief aim in life is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever, then a view which give God all the glory of salvation is the correct view… one in which Christ is sufficient for our full atonement and adoption into the family of God which cannot be revoked. In human terms, can you imagine a family adopting a child and later in life revoking and undoing the adoption based on something the child did. Most people would consider that to be a terrible act by parents who revoked an adoption of a child later in life. How can a Holy and perfectly moral and loving God undo an adoption which was based on the perfect righteousness of Christ? How sufficient is Christ for you?
What glorifies God is when His creation elects to glorify Him-when they do it because they know -as He does-that He’s worthy of their loving Him with their whole heart, soul, mind, and strength. This is why mans’ free cooperation must be part of the process.
 
If Christ propitiated the sins of the whole world; if Christ paid for all the sins of the whole world at the cross, if unbelief is a sin, then you are preaching universalism. God would be unjust if Christ paid for the sins of the entire world, and later punish the unbeliever in Hell for the same sins Christ already paid for.
You don’t think unbelief is a sin? If Christ didn’t pay for the sins of the whole world, God would be unjust.
 
  1. Does God actually save sinners, or
  2. Does God give all men an opportunity to be saved?
http://menscrhp.com/images/cross_sunset.jpg

In which view is Christ sufficient and complete to save?

Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. - Hebrews 7:25
Answer: Both

But only #2 retains the fullest truth when referring to how an individual attains eternal life in heaven, or how he chooses Hell instead.
 
Christ’s sacrifice was more than sufficient to atone for our sins, and win us the grace that we might be enabled to go, and sin no more.
 
If Christ propitiated the sins of the whole world; if Christ paid for all the sins of the whole world at the cross, if unbelief is a sin, then you are preaching universalism. God would be unjust if Christ paid for the sins of the entire world, and later punish the unbeliever in Hell for the same sins Christ already paid for.
False logic. First off, Christ paid for the sins of the whole world, not just of select individuals:

John 1:

29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

John 3:

16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

John 6:

51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.

1 John 2:

2 And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.

1 John 4:

14 And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world.

1 Timothy 2:

6 Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time.

1 Timothy 4:

10 For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of those that believe.

2 Corinthians 5:

14 For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead:

Hebrews 2:

9 But we see Jesus, … that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.

2 Peter 3:

9 The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.

Secondly, the universality of Atonement does not translate into universality of salvation. Christ has atoned for the sins of all men so that all might have the opportunity to “come unto repentance” (2 Peter 3:9) and be saved. The fact that some fail to do so is their problem, not God’s doing.
Humans are either united to Adam or united to Christ. Each person is either a child of the devil or a child of God through adoption. Do you call on God as your Heavenly Father in this life?
That is a meaningless statement. All men are the children of God (Acts 17:28). Adam was the son of God (Luke 3:38). The “adoption” that Paul talks about refers to the regeneration of the sinner that takes place through repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. All men are “spiritually dead” in sin because of the Fall. The Atonement has the power to bring them spiritually back to life again trough faith, repentance, and baptism in the name of Jesus Christ. That is what is meant by being “born again”. This “new birth” or “second birth” is what the “adoption” is referring to. By this process we are born anew into the household of Christ, and become His sons and daughters.
 
  1. Does God actually save sinners, or
  2. Does God give all men an opportunity to be saved?
In which view is Christ sufficient and complete to save?
You make it sound like those two statements are contradictory, or mutually exclusive. They are not. God saves sinners through faith and repentance, and obedience to his laws, including baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost. Through His Atonement, Jesus has provided all men the opportunity to saved in this way. No one is barred from being saved by following this procedure if they want to. The choice is theirs. The fact that some fail to take advantage of that choice is not God’s fault. You want blame the failure of some to be saved on God. That is false. The blame rests on them for failing to take advantage of the opportunity that is offered to them by the Atonement. God has allowed them freewill so that they can make that choice for themselves; otherwise how could they be held accountable for their actions in the day of judgment?
Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. - Hebrews 7:25
The key phrase there is “those who come to God”. They have the freedom to make that choice. If they do they can be saved. If they don’t they can’t.
 
Soli Deo Gloria

When you think about it and simplify our differences… Protestants believe that our justification and adoption through propitiation is based on the righteousness of Christ alone. It is never based on our personal righteousness that is gained through the cooperation of the grace of God.
I think, 2nd, that if you started exploring the differences from a point of Truth we could get further. Starting out from a false premise does not benefit any of us.

The Apostles taught that we are justified by His blood, shed on the cross in propitiation for our sins. This justification is applied to the individual in baptism, at which time we are joined to His death adn resurrection. It is never based on our personal righteousness. Even our cooperation with His grace is not the basis of our justification. It seems that you have been misled about Catholic theology.
Therefore as a Catholic, you are not justified, or your sins are not paid in full, or you are not adopted in the family of God on the basis of Christ’s righteousness alone.
This is also a false statement. Where do you get this stuff?
It appears your salvation and final destination is truly a cooperation between God and man, making a shared glory between God and man.
I understand how it appears that way, but it is not. God glorifies Himself through His creation. It pleases Him for us to cooperate with HIm, and to choose Him. The giving of our lives in service to Him is our spiritual worship. It is not for the purpose of glorifying ourselves, but Him.
If you are familiar with the 5 solas of the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Theology is unable to proclaim Glory to God alone (Soli Deo Gloria) in your salvation.
This is yet another falsehood. I think it is based upon misinformation you have been given. It seems that you have been given to understand that when God lifts people up, and shines through them,that it takes away from His glory. This is not the case. He is able to glorify Himself through His faithful without detracting from His glory.
Code:
If man’s chief aim in life is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever, then a view which give God all the glory of salvation is the correct view… one in which Christ is sufficient for our full atonement and adoption into the family of God which cannot be revoked.
This is what the Apostles believed and taught. I am glad to know that, even though the Reformed tradition has departed from some significant Apostolic teachings, this is not one of them.
In human terms, can you imagine a family adopting a child and later in life revoking and undoing the adoption based on something the child did.
Oh yes, I have witnessed this many times. I have also witnessed, in my many years of work with adopted children, that they spurn the love that brought them home, and go off on their own, making a shipwreck of their lives. some of them get killed in that state of rebellion, and some end up in prison. At that point, the fact that they were adopted is of little practical relevance.
Most people would consider that to be a terrible act by parents who revoked an adoption of a child later in life.
Yes, I would be in agreement with this. It is very sad to see a family get fed up and quit on a kid.
How can a Holy and perfectly moral and loving God undo an adoption which was based on the perfect righteousness of Christ? How sufficient is Christ for you?
You have reached a false conclusion, based upon a false premise. God never “undoes” His adoption of us. That is why, those that spurn the blood that bought them find themselves in a condition where their last state is worse than the first -it would have been better for them never to have been adopted.
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.
My separated brethren seem to easily notice that this passage is in the past tense. It refers to those who have already been glorified by God. It is not applied to us because, up until the hour of our death, we may still walk away from our heavenly inheritance, and fail to be united with it.
What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things? Who shall bring any charge against God’s elect? It is God who justifies. Who is to condemn? Christ Jesus is the one who died—more than that, who was raised—who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? - Apostle Paul
This is another passage that is often misapplied by my separated brethren. For some reason, the Reformed tradition does not see that God’s love involves the setting free of the object of His love. For this reason, He enables and empowers us to choose whether we wish to be in fellowship with Him, or not. This was the choice given at our creation. It is part of what it means to be made in the image and likeness of God. Because God loves us, He allows us to choose to walk (or run) right through the gates of hell. He will honor our decision, and will not stop loving us as we walk away from Him.
 
If Christ propitiated the sins of the whole world; if Christ paid for all the sins of the whole world at the cross, if unbelief is a sin, then you are preaching universalism.
Yes, I read this ridiculous notion of yours before. I don’t think I qualified it as a response. Perhaps you would like to define universalism? I understand it it to mean that everyone will be saved.

Yes, unbelief is a sin, because it is God’s desire that all be saved. We are born into a state of separation from God due to original sin. That is why Jesus said “he who does not beleive is condemned already”.
God would be unjust if Christ paid for the sins of the entire world, and later punish the unbeliever in Hell for the same sins Christ already paid for.
Well, this is a false conclusion, based upon a false premise. God is not unjust. In His love for His creation, He allows man to choose.

Look at it this way. Suppose I go to a plantation and pay to have all the slaves freed. When it comes time to depart, some of them refuse to get in my cart and go with me. Does that mean I am “unjust”? Does it make my payment less sufficient?
Do you not see yourself as an adopted child of God in this life, and reject your sonship which was merited by Christ on your behalf?.
I am not sure what you are asking here. Suffice to say that yes, all who are united to Christ are adopted into His family. Some of them choose to reject the benefits and status of that sonship. It does not make them any less His sons. Look at the Prodigal in the pigpen. It never says he was not any longer a son, does it?
Humans are either united to Adam or united to Christ. Each person is either a child of the devil or a child of God through adoption.
And this is precisely why their last state is worse than the first. They are ontologically changed in baptism, transferred from the Kingdom of darkness into the Kingdom of light. If they they choose to spurn the blood that bought them, they are in a “worse” state.
For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” - Rom 8
Why do you think the Apostle states this, if it is not possible to fall back into fear?
By this it is evident who are the children of God, and who are the children of the devil: whoever does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is the one who does not love his brother. - 1 John 3
Indeed. Yet, it is possible for one who has been adopted to practice unrighteousness. It is possible to make a shipwreck of one’s faith, to fall back into fear, to fail to finish the race, be disqualified, and have one’s name blotted out of the book of life. :eek:
 
  1. Does God actually save sinners, or
  2. Does God give all men an opportunity to be saved?
In which view is Christ sufficient and complete to save?

Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. - Hebrews 7:25
Both things are true, 2nd. God does save sinners. He gives all men the opportunity to be among the saved.

Actually, Christ’s all sufficiency for salvation is not found in any “view”, but in His nature. 😉

God is able to save all. Not all choose to be saved. In His love, He allows men to choose if they wish to spend eternity with Him, or not.
 
False logic. First off, Christ paid for the sins of the whole world, not just of select individuals:

John 1:

29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

John 3:

16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

John 6:

51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.

1 John 2:

2 And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.

1 John 4:

14 And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world.

1 Timothy 2:

6 Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time.

1 Timothy 4:

10 For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of those that believe.

2 Corinthians 5:

14 For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead:

Hebrews 2:

9 But we see Jesus, … that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.

2 Peter 3:

9 The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.

Secondly, the universality of Atonement does not translate into universality of salvation. Christ has atoned for the sins of all men so that all might have the opportunity to “come unto repentance” (2 Peter 3:9) and be saved. The fact that some fail to do so is their problem, not God’s doing.

That is a meaningless statement. All men are the children of God (Acts 17:28). Adam was the son of God (Luke 3:38). The “adoption” that Paul talks about refers to the regeneration of the sinner that takes place through repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. All men are “spiritually dead” in sin because of the Fall. The Atonement has the power to bring them spiritually back to life again trough faith, repentance, and baptism in the name of Jesus Christ. That is what is meant by being “born again”. This “new birth” or “second birth” is what the “adoption” is referring to. By this process we are born anew into the household of Christ, and become His sons and daughters.
Thanks for this great post Zerinus. I find it both shocking and refreshing that a Mormon has retained more of the Apostolic teaching on this matter than my Reformed brethren appear to have. :eek:
 
If Christ propitiated the sins of the whole world; if Christ paid for all the sins of the whole world at the cross, if unbelief is a sin, then you are preaching universalism. God would be unjust if Christ paid for the sins of the entire world, and later punish the unbeliever in Hell for the same sins Christ already paid for.

Do you not see yourself as an adopted child of God in this life, and reject your sonship which was merited by Christ on your behalf?. Humans are either united to Adam or united to Christ. Each person is either a child of the devil or a child of God through adoption. Do you call on God as your Heavenly Father in this life?

For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” - Rom 8

The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him. He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. - John 1

By this it is evident who are the children of God, and who are the children of the devil: whoever does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is the one who does not love his brother. - 1 John 3
Quick question: Do you believe that Adam had a choice in Original Sin or was it all predestined by God for His glory? I suspect the former but yes, this is very relevant to the debate.
 
Thanks for this great post Zerinus. I find it both shocking and refreshing that a Mormon has retained more of the Apostolic teaching on this matter than my Reformed brethren appear to have. :eek:
You are very welcome. If you wanted to explore this subject in depth out of all the standard works of the LDS Church, there is a lot more to get your teeth into. In my discussions here I generally tend to quote only from the Bible, because that is what everybody believes in (or claim to). But for your information, here are some additional insights out of LDS scriptures on this subject:

2 Nephi 9:

21 And he cometh into the world that he may save all men if they will hearken unto his voice; for behold, he suffereth the pains of all men, yea, the pains of every living creature, both men, women, and children, who belong to the family of Adam.
22 And he suffereth this that the resurrection might pass upon all men, that all might stand before him at the great and judgment day.
23 And he commandeth all men that they must repent, and be baptized in his name, having perfect faith in the Holy One of Israel, or they cannot be saved in the kingdom of God.
24 And if they will not repent and believe in his name, and be baptized in his name, and endure to the end, they must be damned; for the Lord God, the Holy One of Israel, has spoken it.

D&C 18:

10 Remember the worth of souls is great in the sight of God;
11 For, behold, the Lord your Redeemer suffered death in the flesh; wherefore he suffered the pain of all men, that all men might repent and come unto him.
12 And he hath risen again from the dead, that he might bring all men unto him, on conditions of repentance.
13 And how great is his joy in the soul that repenteth!
14 Wherefore, you are called to cry repentance unto this people.
15 And if it so be that you should labor all your days in crying repentance unto this people, and bring, save it be one soul unto me, how great shall be your joy with him in the kingdom of my Father!
 
Quick question: Do you believe that Adam had a choice in Original Sin or was it all predestined by God for His glory? I suspect the former but yes, this is very relevant to the debate.
Adam and Eve definitely had free will to obey the command of God, unlike ourselves. Therefore, Adam and Eve had a choice and ability to obey and please God on their own. We are born with a will that is in bondage to our fallen nature, choosing freely what we desire which is not Christ, but rather we choose sin, rebellion, and death. That is why Christ came, to save us from the penalty of sin, and to free us from our sin nature, changing our wills from the inclination of sin to the inclination of righteousness. All mankind has a choice to come to Christ, but by his own fallen nature, nobody comes to Christ. I think that statement can be embraced by Catholics within the Catholic Faith. After-all, we both embrace Augustine in reagards to original sin and are inability to choose God on own power without the help of God.
 
Quick question: Do you believe that Adam had a choice in Original Sin or was it all predestined by God for His glory? I suspect the former but yes, this is very relevant to the debate.
He believes it was all predestined! That is what all of them believe in.
 
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