The Truth about the Gallileo affair - by an Atheist

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In both cases we can see substantial proof of character, conversion, and courage worthy of conferring sainthood.
What proof, in the case of More?

If you just choose to believe, without evidence, that he repented of his religious oppression, that is one possible answer to how such a man could be considered a saint. But I know of no evidence that he did so.
If there had been a longstanding and deeply entrenched warfare between the Catholic Church and science, you would be eager to bring up a lot more examples of such warfare than the case of Galileo.
Where have I claimed any such thing? If anything I explicitly disavowed the assertion that the anti-science actions of the church were deliberately intended as such.
For example, you would have been quick to point out that the Church also persecuted Copernicus (a priest), that it later vilified Newton (a Bible scholar), and that it railed against Darwin for evolution, Mendel (a priest) for Genetics, Einstein for Relativity, and Lemaitre(a priest) for the Big Bang theory. All of which is utterly absurd.
Darwin did get a lot of flack, and not just from Catholics, but he had the fortune to live in a Protestant country. And one thing the Anglicans did get right was to content themselves with presenting arguments as to why they thought he was wrong, as opposed to threats of torture. 🤷

Newton, of course, also lived in the UK, but more to the point nothing in his scientific ideas threatened christian beliefs, as far as I know. His ‘biblical scholarship’ may well have earned him pride of place at the next barbecue under Catholic rule, but not calculus or mechanics.:rolleyes:

Copernicus was, according to many scholars, terrified of how his work might be received by the Church, despite being supported by clerics up to and including the Pope. This is one of the explanations given for his reluctance to publish, and would probably be the main example of how the church was, at times, explicitly anti-scientific, were it not for the far more evident Galileo affair.

The others were no threat to a Catholic dogma. You don’t get brownie points for not oppressing those who agree with you!😛
Try to force feed yourself the possibility that enmity between a vain pope and an arrogant astronomer was an anomaly rather the the norm for the historic relations between the Catholic Church and Science.
Try to force feed yourself the idea that that is only one explanation of the Galileo affair, and not even one that is at odds with what I actually said.
 
What proof, in the case of More?

If you just choose to believe, without evidence, that he repented of his religious oppression, that is one possible answer to how such a man could be considered a saint. But I know of no evidence that he did so.

Where have I claimed any such thing? If anything I explicitly disavowed the assertion that the anti-science actions of the church were deliberately intended as such.

Darwin did get a lot of flack, and not just from Catholics, but he had the fortune to live in a Protestant country. And one thing the Anglicans did get right was to content themselves with presenting arguments as to why they thought he was wrong, as opposed to threats of torture. 🤷

Newton, of course, also lived in the UK, but more to the point nothing in his scientific ideas threatened christian beliefs, as far as I know. His ‘biblical scholarship’ may well have earned him pride of place at the next barbecue under Catholic rule, but not calculus or mechanics.:rolleyes:

Copernicus was, according to many scholars, terrified of how his work might be received by the Church, despite being supported by clerics up to and including the Pope. This is one of the explanations given for his reluctance to publish, and would probably be the main example of how the church was, at times, explicitly anti-scientific, were it not for the far more evident Galileo affair.

The others were no threat to a Catholic dogma. You don’t get brownie points for not oppressing those who agree with you!😛

Try to force feed yourself the idea that that is only one explanation of the Galileo affair, and not even one that is at odds with what I actually said.
:whistle: Same old tune.

Linus2nd
 
Darwin did get a lot of flack, and not just from Catholics,
Please document the flack from the Catholic Church.

What flack Darwinism would get is not from the theory of evolution, but from the inferences drawn by many that evolution dismisses God as Creator. That was not science but rather atheistic/agnostic philosophy.
 
DrTaffy;12479432:
You still ignore this question. Which is, in a way, an answer in itself! :rolleyes:
And you still ignore this question! 🤷
I am quite aware that the principles of the reformation rewrote much of the history of those times to justify their own persecution of Catholics. That is why I do not accept secular judgment on these matters. More stedfastly denied any wrong doing of heretics. I’ll take his word for that and the that of the Church.
So you just ignore the historical evidence? Even More’s own writings? Even though the More affair was public, witnessed and reported on by many writers, including Catholics? And yet, no doubt, you would have me accept the Catholic account of the trials of Galileo, trials held in privacy, only recorded by the Church, whose account has been questioned by scholars, as absolute truth? A double standard, methinks. :rolleyes:
DrTaffy;12479432:
In short, your objection is as naive as if you were surprised that the King’s Butler were involved in selecting his wine for the evening meal. 🤷
Clever, even funny, but still opinion.
Opinion, but not just opinion, opinion backed up by evidence and argument. Unlike your opinions - unless and until you provide a little evidence to back up your assertions.

e.g. why are you sceptical of the assertion that the Lord Chancellor would be involved in the punishment of heretics?
DrTaffy;12479432:
But do you not see the contradiction? How could “a man of heroic virtue” and “a saint” have had people (plural) killed in a deliberately agonising manner merely for having different religious views?
Explaned above, besides, even scholarly sources disagree.
Not ‘explaned’ [sic] anywhere that I can see. Can you cite one ‘scholarly source’ that argues that More never had anything to do with those burned at the stake (or otherwise killed or punished) during his reign in office?
Sure you are. You started this thread by accusing a whole section of society of lying
What source? Nowhere in this thread do you give any proof of the claim you make in the OP that “high school and university texts” lie about the Galileo affair. It is up to you to document your assertions, not others.
DrTaffy;12479432:
So you know that it backs up everything I said. 🤷
But I don’t know that. I think you better read it again.
I think you need to read it - or just your own post. For example, I said that “He freely admitted imprisoning ‘heretics’ in his own house, and was indisputably accused of torturing ‘heretics’” and you quote More’s own words admitting exactly that. What do you claim I said that is not backed up by that Wikipedia entry?
 
For the same reason that Henry VIII refused to allow Thomas More to have his own opinions.
So are you arguing that both were immoral or that both were moral?

More, at least, was a high ranking minister who betrayed his King. I’m not a fan of the death penalty ever, but he had at least done something that unequivocally deserved at the least losing his job and exile, whereas Galileo had done nothing wrong.

Not. One. Thing.

Galileo was right, the Pope was wrong. 🤷
I am not defending what the Inquisition did, I’m not defending the Pope, and I’m not defending the judgment of the judges.
Yes you are. That is exactly what you are doing when you try to argue that what they did was neither immoral nor antiscientific.
I agree that, judging from our vantage point, it seems immoral. However, it had nothing to do with science at all.
No, it was and is both utterly immoral and antiscientific. You need to accept that your church has, in fact, been wrong. And not just once.
 
Please document the flack from the Catholic Church.
On the positive side you did say ‘please’, which is a pleasant change for this thread, but it would also be nice if you answered questions put to you from time to time as well as demanding answers of others.

For example, the following declaration made in 1860 from a council of the German bishops, quoted in Harrison, Brian W., “Early Vatican Responses to Evolutionist Theology”:
“Our first parents were formed immediately by God. Therefore we declare that the opinion of those who do not fear to assert that this human being, man as regards his body, emerged finally from the spontaneous continuous change of imperfect nature to the more perfect, is clearly opposed to Sacred Scripture and to the Faith.”
 
For example, the following declaration made in 1860 from a council of the German bishops, quoted in Harrison, Brian W., “Early Vatican Responses to Evolutionist Theology”:
If you examine the passage carefully, you see that it is not disputing evolution as a physical theory, but rather as an** entire explanation** for the origin of the human being. Much of the original fervor for evolution seemed to attract agnostics and atheists to the view that the entire human being (including what Christians call the soul) originated in a natural process without God directly involved in the creation of Adam and Eve. That is still the view of many of our present day evolutionists, and the Church continues to maintain (as did the German council of bishops) that God created the first parents with a soul who committed the first, or original, sin. It’s clear from Darwin’s theory of evolution that it deals exclusively with the evolution of bodies, but not of souls. There is no place in evolution theory for the human soul as an immortal entity that survives death. Nor is there a place in evolution theory for the idea of a first offense against God, or for the guilt that followed and was to be shared by all subsequent humanity.

The celebrated evolutionist Richard Dawkins still maintains that the theory of evolution made atheism respectable. That inference is what the German bishops and several popes since Darwin have cautioned Catholics against.
 
So are you arguing that both were immoral or that both were moral?

More, at least, was a high ranking minister who betrayed his King. I
More would have his sins to account for, as Henry had his. Henry betrayed his Church, More did not. More was brave enough to stand up against his king when his king was wrong. For that alone he deserved sainthood when everybody else who was anybody knew Henry was a nut case (as he eventually proved) and ran for the hills.
 
No, you gave me no sources, not one. From memory you sent me to an investment banker, a film maker, and a communication studies professor, all of whom you somehow confused with a priest.

The only “education” site you found with your views offers no courses, no lessons, nothing for adults let alone children, only polemic, only the opinions of the chattering classes.

As if the Inquisition was the high point of civilization.

But, yes, we can certainly judge them by today’s standards, and the Pontifical Commission and JPII did just that. We can as the Church it supposed to be eternal and infallible, and according to the Church, God’s morals and God’s standards are unchanging.

The alternative is moral relativism. It would appear you’re not only criticizing secular writers for researching the sources and taking JPII at his word, but also for being insufficiently moral absolutist.

Exactly. The Church got it wrong, JPII apologized, and the affair stands as a lesson on respect for freedom of speech which should be taught to all children.

*Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. (US Bill of Rights)

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. (UDHR)*
:whistle: Same old tune, but I guess it makes you feel better.

Linus2nd
 
And you still ignore this question! 🤷
Why should I, you would only extrapolate that into some imagined guilt for Thomas More?
So you just ignore the historical evidence? Even More’s own writings? Even though the More affair was public, witnessed and reported on by many writers, including Catholics? And yet, no doubt, you would have me accept the Catholic account of the trials of Galileo, trials held in privacy, only recorded by the Church, whose account has been questioned by scholars, as absolute truth? A double standard, methinks. :rolleyes:
More denied misstreating any heretic. Your so called evidence has been polluted by the defenders of the Reformation for 200 years, why should I trust any of them? I really don’t care what you ( or Inocente accept or don’t accept :D). I just don’t worry about such things. I know well enough whom I am talking to. 😉
Opinion, but not just opinion, opinion backed up by evidence and argument. Unlike your opinions - unless and until you provide a little evidence to back up your assertions.
Oh well, I don’t have time to wade through all the " evidence " you claim to have. It wouldn’t matter any way, I have never seen you change you mind about anything. So why should I or anyone else even make the attempt. Ditto for other unnamed persons on this forum.
e.g. why are you sceptical of the assertion that the Lord Chancellor would be involved in the punishment of heretics?
I certainly will never believe Thomas More misstreated anyone.
Not ‘explaned’ [sic] anywhere that I can see. Can you cite one ‘scholarly source’ that argues that More never had anything to do with those burned at the stake (or otherwise killed or punished) during his reign in office?
Not at the moment. Except the Church, who certainly knew the entire history of More.
What source? Nowhere in this thread do you give any proof of the claim you make in the OP that “high school and university texts” lie about the Galileo affair. It is up to you to document your assertions, not others.
The evidence is good enough for me, but not for you and someone else.
I think you need to read it - or just your own post. For example, I said that “He freely admitted imprisoning ‘heretics’ in his own house, and was indisputably accused of torturing ‘heretics’” and you quote More’s own words admitting exactly that. What do you claim I said that is not backed up by that Wikipedia entry?
More denied misstreating any heretic. Yes, More said he held heretics in his house. He denied misstreating them. I don’t remember what Wilipedia said and don’t feel like going back again. Sorry.

Linus2nd
 
So are you arguing that both were immoral or that both were moral?
Just to remind the reader, this was your original question, " So why was Galileo not welcome to his opinions, "

And I answered, " For the same reason Henry VIII did not allow Thomas More to have his own opinions."

When you say " both were immoral or that both were moral, " what exactly are you referring to or whom are you referring to?
More, at least, was a high ranking minister who betrayed his King. I’m not a fan of the death penalty ever, but he had at least done something that unequivocally deserved at the least losing his job and exile, whereas Galileo had done nothing wrong.
So you are saying that every act of a King is justified? Amazing! I am sure Henry VIII felt justified, he had done enough evil by this time to deaden his conscience.

More had already resigned. But the King reached into his retirement to attempt to force him to give the King cover.
Not. One. Thing.
Well, that is certainly open to many opinions.
Galileo was right, the Pope was wrong. 🤷
You are welcome to your opinion.
Yes you are. That is exactly what you are doing when you try to argue that what they did was neither immoral nor antiscientific.
You are just proving my point. Moderns won’t be satisfied until they can portray this whole incident as the Church being anti-scientific. But you know that is not true. And I do not judge the morality of the judges any more than I would judge your morality.
No, it was and is both utterly immoral and antiscientific. You need to accept that your church has, in fact, been wrong. And not just once.
I understand that neither you nor others around here will be happy unless you can hang that around her neck. And with attitudes like that why should you doubt that the the Gallileo case has been used as a club to beat the Church over the head, in textbooks and in classes all over the world and in other venues as well. :mad:

I’m not likely to respond on this issure again, it is becoming a broken record.

Linus2nd
 
So why was Galileo not welcome to his opinions?

Especially as his opinions were backed up by a mountain of evidence and argument, whereas the Church had not one shred of evidence that heliocentrism was false and geocentrism was true. And yet it was the Church dragging a sick old man halfway across Italy in the middle of winter in order to humiliate him, threaten him with torture, and force him to renounce his view and espouse theirs?

How can you not see that this was both repulsively immoral and utterly antithetical to the scientific method?
Because he couldn’t prove (but support) Copernicanism true conclusively and he tried his pass his opinions as facts? He called Kepler and Brahe heretics and ignored their work to his detriment while clinging on to his circular orbits. There were other academicians with other theories who don’t take kindly to insults? Many of his attackers were fellow scientists and many of his supporters were actually churchmen. The Church is quite open to the idea of Copernicus actually. Do you know how many more years did it take for the revised Copernican view to become scientific fact because they couldn’t explain stellar parallax?

Because he reneged on his agreement not to hold, teach, or defend Copernican
astronomy?

Because he back-stabbed his friends including Pope Urban III?

How can you not see these were morally repulsive and utterly antithetical to the scientific method as well as being a human being?

The Church is a strong supporter of science and education. Many scientists were churchmen. The Church just wasn’t in a hurry to agree to the latest and greatest theories. That reminds me of the haste in which some scientists not too long ago in proclaiming they have cold fusion on their desktop.

This anti-science church stance has no basis except by people who are anti-Church.
 
You are just proving my point. Moderns won’t be satisfied until they can portray this whole incident as the Church being anti-scientific.
It was. It may not be now but it was then. All the books in its libraries were Aristotle’s wrong cosmology. All of its investment for over a thousand years was in them and, as JPII pointed out, in its fatally wrong literal interpretation of scripture. It was not understood then, just as some still do not understand today, that evidence rather than opinion is the final arbiter.
And with attitudes like that why should you doubt that the the Gallileo case has been used as a club to beat the Church over the head, in textbooks and in classes all over the world and in other venues as well. :mad:
You have not provided one shred of evidence for that.
I’m not likely to respond on this issure again, it is becoming a broken record.
Agreed. It would be good if all Catholics joined the rest of us in accepting the word of Pope John Pail II.
 
I’m actually familair with your position, because I used to hold it. I.e. I used to believe that Galileo has simply failed to prove his case.

However, after I have read the primary documentation, I was forced to revise my view. The 1633 trial proceedings never touch the issue of evidence. It’s not that the tribunal did not understand the evidence; the tribunal was simply not interested in the evidence. Galileo never even got to argue his case for Earth’s motion.

As for the evidence itself, by the time of the trial there was plenty. Virtually all contrarian points have been falsified by the time of the trial:
  • No direct proof – Galileo published observations of phases of Venus in 1610. So Inquisition’s insistence that heliocentrism is an unverified hypothesis in 1616 had no factual basis. Over the 23 years before the publication of Starry Messenger and the final trial, the observations have been repeated numerous times by different people. NB the first people who repeated his observations were… Jesuits, who have been told to do so by Cardinal Bellarmine.
  • Lower accuracy of planetary predictions as compared to geocentric models with epicycles – both a strawman a non-issue by the time of the trial. First, the issue only pertained to “pure” Copernican model without epicycles. However, nobody has ever advocated a “pure” Copernican model; even Copernicus himself included epicycles, because he immediately noticed discrepancies between calculated planetary positions and observations. Inclusion of epicycles immediately brought heliocentric model in line with geocentric model as far as prediction accuracy was concerned. Copernican model (with epicycles) became an instant hit beween astrologers, because it allowed to achieve the same result with much less calculation. Next, in 1621, Kepler, using elliptical orbits, has demonstrated exact prediction of the position of Mars – which was impossible using any kind of geocentric model. By the time of the trial, everybody who bothered to stay up-to-date with the development of astronomy knew not only that planets move around the Sun, but that they move in ellipses. And again, by 1633, any astrologer (and each king had at least one!) would tell you that Kepler’s model was vastly superior to everything else. What astrologers do is ephemeris (planetary position) calculation for the date of birth; an astrologer armed with a heliocentric models spent much less time doing ephemeris calculations. What used to take a day was now taking an hour; which meant that instead of doing, say, one horoscope per day he could do five, so, he could charge five times the money, and have a few extra hours to spend with his wife (or maid). What’s not to like?
  • Stellar parallax – all professionals knew that it was inobservable at the time, so the issue was moot. NB the issue of stellar parallax is a tricky one, because the stars are supposed to move with respect to…other stars. But, there was no strong proof that Sun is a star until 18th century. Ca. 1600, you could still believe that stars are points of light on a sphere – in which case, of course, the entrire sphere shifts with Earth’s orbital motion, and you have nothing against which you could measure the parallax.
Did the tribunal call any expert witnesses? Yes - a theologian. The tribunal did not interrogate any astronomers; who would have testified that Venus indeed moves in a way which cannot be explained by a geocentric system, but can be explained easily with a heliocentric system. Nor did the tribunal question an astrologer (and even the Pope had one!) who would immediately confirm superior speed and precision of Kepler’s method of ephemeris calculation.

It was a kangaroo court.
We think we know the truth until we are proven otherwise; geocentricism was the accepted theory of Galileo’s day.
The inquisition were trials about heresy, not science.
Galileo was teaching Copernicus’ theory as fact, not Kepler’s.
The phases of Venus refuted Ptolemy, not Tycho Brahe; the Church knew this.
The phases of Venus did not prove Copernicus; the Church knew this.
Stellar parallax was the accepted required proof of heliocentricism, so as a matter of science, it was not a moot point.
Stellar parallax was first measured in 1838, two hundred years after the trial, when heliocentricism became a scientific fact.
The Copernicus model was ‘Pure’ Copernicus; which included epicycles.
Copernicus included epicycles because it was not a scientific fact.
Copernicus held with the Aristotelian idea that the planets moved in perfect circles; Kepler and the Church knew he was wrong.
Galileo was told to stop teaching Copernicus as a fact until he could prove it; Galileo want not compromise, so did neither.

The Church not only “bothered to stay up-up-date” but it was in fact very up-to-date. It no longer accepted Ptolemy, it knew planets moved in an elliptic orbit, and many in the Church thought heliocentricism could be a fact. Kepler and the Church were consistent with the “scientific method” in that they knew there was no proof for the heliocentric theory.

Your error is claiming that heliocentricism was a proven fact, and it was Kepler who was on trial.
 
If you examine the passage carefully, you see that it is not disputing evolution as a physical theory, but rather as an** entire explanation** for the origin of the human being. Much of the original fervor for evolution seemed to attract agnostics and atheists to the view that the entire human being (including what Christians call the soul) originated in a natural process without God directly involved in the creation of Adam and Eve. That is still the view of many of our present day evolutionists, and the Church continues to maintain (as did the German council of bishops) that God created the first parents with a soul who committed the first, or original, sin. It’s clear from Darwin’s theory of evolution that it deals exclusively with the evolution of bodies, but not of souls.
Are we reading the same excerpt?
“Our first parents were formed immediately by God. Therefore we declare that the opinion of those who do not fear to assert that this human being, man as regards his body, emerged finally from the spontaneous continuous change of imperfect nature to the more perfect, is clearly opposed to Sacred Scripture and to the Faith.”
It certainly seems, to me, to be rejecting physical evolution of our bodies. But that is in any case, not the point I was hoping to make here, which is rather that Darwin, in a Protestant country, was free to express his opinion. As others were free to mock him for doing so. There was no Inquisition to drag him (or his opponents) off to be threatened with torture just for holding an opinion.

That is, in my opinion, what the Catholic Church got fundamentally and importantly wrong. Being wrong about the cosmological model was ultimately a trivial, human fault. Threatening an old man with torture was horrible but par for the course at the time. Not permitting free discourse was what had to be changed in order to allow science and technology to flourish.
 
That is, in my opinion, what the Catholic Church got fundamentally and importantly wrong. Being wrong about the cosmological model was ultimately a trivial, human fault. Threatening an old man with torture was horrible but par for the course at the time. Not permitting free discourse was what had to be changed in order to allow science and technology to flourish.
This is the important point on which we differ. You seem to be implying that the Church and Science were regularly at loggerheads.

The Catholic Church has traditionally supported science from the Middle Ages on, and many Catholic scholars contributed to the development of various scientific disciplines throughout those centuries. The treatment of Galileo was an anomaly, rather than par for the course. Again, it was an unfortunate clash of a vain pope with an arrogant astronomer.

Science and Religion by Richard Olson documents the mutual benefits derived by the interactions between religion and science from the 1500s to the 1700s.
 
It’s pretty much the conclusion of modern professional historians (people who are experts on the topic, not angry internet bloggers with an axe to grind) that the whole “conflict thesis” between science and religion propounded by atheist polemicists has nothing to do with the historical record but more rhetoric and superstition from folks like T.H. Huxley who wrote in a rather tumultuous time.

One of my courses in my history major was late middle ages, and the professor had a PhD from Cambridge (i.e. a legitimate historian, not a hack like Christopher Hitchens or T.H. Huxley), so I was able to get some solid historical instruction in the matter of science and religion. It was like the scales fell from my eyes seeing these secular myths that I thought were true actually had no factual basis. But unfortunately it takes a while for scholarship to get to the masses, especially when there is so much invested emotionally in a position like the “conflict thesis” among the pop intellectual crowd.
 
There are a few Catholics who question heliocentrism. There’s a new film made by traditional Catholics (one of whom is quite controversial) that challenges the standard scientific views of heliocentrism. It’s called 'The Principle." I’m not knowledgeable enough about geocentrism to really understand the argument either for or against, but I look forward to seeing the DVD when it comes out, so that I can learn more about the geocentric perspective:

theprinciplemovie.com/
 
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