Do you mean the part where he doesn’t address why God would give numerous details on how to enslave people even though they were slaveless in the desert and none of their great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great grandparents on down had never owned slaves?
Do you mean where he’s try to say that bought in the Bible doesn’t mean bought? That God calling people property in the Bible doesn’t really mean property?
Do you mean where Paul spends several minutes either misunderstanding or lying about what Leviticus 25 says?
I can go on but if Paul Copan is the best defense of pro-slavery Christianity then it’s a sorry defense indeed.
Oh, I see.
Paul Copan, who earned his PhD from Marquette University and holds the Pledger Family Chair of Philosophy and Ethics at Palm Beach Atlantic University, either misunderstands or is lying about what Leviticus 25 says.
My previous mention of gleaning laws, the kinsmen redeemer and the Year of Jubilee should have provided at least a starting point for understanding how God instructed the Israelites to assist their fellow countrymen who fell into economic hardship. In general, this option can best be described as a contractual, voluntary state of indentured servitude, and it strikes me as being a reasonable alternative to state-run debtors’ prisons.
Thus, what began as a general, broadside attack on God over the issue of slavery in the OT is now reduced to one small passage from Leviticus 25 which addresses the question of
foreign slaves:
Leviticus 25:44-46
44 “‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. 45 You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. 46 You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly.
As Copan notes in his book, “…we should look at what precedes this text–and at other scriptural considerations. When we do so, we’ll continue to see that these foreigners were still nowhere near the chattel slaves of the antebellum South” (Paul Copan,
Is God a Moral Monster?, 141).
Those who are incensed by this passage from Leviticus 25 typically overlook the fact that the Israelites were also bound by the law of Leviticus 19 as well:
Leviticus 19:9-10
9 “‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10 Do not go over your vineyard a second time or pick up the grapes that have fallen. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.
Leviticus 19:33-34
33 “‘When a foreigner resides among you in your land, do not mistreat them. 34 The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native-born. Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt. I am the Lord your God.
Speaking of foreigners in Israel, God commanded:
Deuteronomy 10:19
19 And you are to love those who are foreigners, for you yourselves were foreigners in Egypt.
So, Israel is to remember that it was once a foreigner in slavery in Egypt and to show mercy to those who are foreigners and slaves in Israel.
Is this how other ANE nations treated indentured servants and slaves? :nope:
Finally, some slaves came into Israel as prisoners of war and remained, presumably, hostile to Israel and disrespectful toward Israel’s laws of purity and worship. Were
these slaves treated differently? Undoubtedly. The most rebellious of these probably bore the brunt of the heaviest work in the heat of the day. But this is not unexpected; membership has it privileges, and God clearly sought to bless His people, and by this, to bear witness to Himself among the pagan nations.
In general, however, the Mosaic Laws of Israel were a radical improvement for those in varying degrees of servitude in the ANE.