To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

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I read this book when I was…a sophomore in high school (I think). The book is really good and a must read for those at least 13-14 years old. The movie was good, too, but it leaves out some things from the book. And its a “banned” book due to the theme of racism in the south.
 
I honestly didn’t really care for it, but I think that has more to do with the depressing nature of sophomore English classes than the book.
 
I honestly didn’t really care for it, but I think that has more to do with the depressing nature of sophomore English classes than the book.
The year after graduating from high school, I had to visit the school for some reason and went to the classroom of my English teacher, Brother Edgar.
He students were all doing homework. Brother Edgar wasn’t teaching at all.
He explained to me in the hallway. This class would not cooperate in structured teaching. They were rebellious and wouldn’t do the work. He could only let them do homework.

By the way: Brother Edgar was also the principal in this small school, so he was not incompetent.

I was flabbergasted ! :bigyikes:
My class wasn’t like that at all. We were very cooperative.

Your experience in class has much to do with the students themselves.

Brother Edgar died in his nineties last year. According to his obituary he’d taught at the Brothers’s school in Illinois, and in their school in Japan. Sadly, he ended up with Alzheimer’s.
 
One required reading book I never read. I only saw the movie.
 
The defense Atticus uses to defend his client against the rape charge - essentially, saying the victim really wanted it - seems pretty repellent today, although it was commonly used in courts in Harper Lee’s time. Atticus didn’t seem conflicted over his use of that defense. I’ve heard that some current high school students have expressed dissatisfaction with the novel over that, so changing social perspectives may have affected younger people’s views of the novel.

I think the film and the book capture a sense of a larger adult world of concerns that are only dimly understood by the children, like a lot of Ray Bradbury’s early work.

Harper Lee and Flannery O’Connor knew each other and attended some of the same writer’s conferences, but apparently O’Connor disliked Lee on both a personal and a professional level (after a couple of unpleasant contacts), and O’Connor disliked what she felt were the superficial characterizations of Lee’s novel, saying “It’s interesting that all the folks that are buying it don’t know they are reading a children’s book.”
 
“The defense Atticus uses to defend his client against the rape charge - essentially, saying the victim really wanted it - seems pretty repellent today, although it was commonly used in courts in Harper Lee’s time. Atticus didn’t seem conflicted over his use of that defense. I’ve heard that some current high school students have expressed dissatisfaction with the novel over that, so changing social perspectives may have affected younger people’s views of the novel.”

Atticus’ defense wasn’t based on “She wanted it.” The whole point of the argument was that the “victim” hadn’t been raped at all- she had attempted to seduce Tom, who had refused. No sex took place.
 
“The defense Atticus uses to defend his client against the rape charge - essentially, saying the victim really wanted it - seems pretty repellent today, although it was commonly used in courts in Harper Lee’s time. Atticus didn’t seem conflicted over his use of that defense. I’ve heard that some current high school students have expressed dissatisfaction with the novel over that, so changing social perspectives may have affected younger people’s views of the novel.”

Atticus’ defense wasn’t based on “She wanted it.” The whole point of the argument was that the “victim” hadn’t been raped at all- she had attempted to seduce Tom, who had refused. No sex took place.
We actually don’t know that, from our perspective as readers of the book. Lee does not give us any viewpoints outside of Scout’s as narrator, and what her father said about the case. DNA evidence did not exist at the time, and Mayella does show physical signs of an assault, although it seems likely from where the author wants to lead us that Mayella’s father was likely to be responsible for the physical assault, and possibly a sexual one as well. But the jurors in the story have testimony from Mayella about her rape, corroborating testimony from her father, and testimony from Tom Robinson that he was inside the house and something of a sexual nature took place. Atticus makes a great fanfare about how Tom couldn’t have used his injured right arm to strike Mayella on the left side of her face, which actually makes little sense - he could have just as easily backhanded her with his left hand. What we are left with is the narrative that Atticus creates to defend his client: The legal scholar Steven Lubet, who wrote about Finch’s case in the Michigan Law Review, said the following about Finch’s defense strategy, which he said was "to exploit a virtual catalog of misconceptions and fallacies about rape, each one calculated to heighten mistrust of the female complainant.”
The “she wanted it” defense in this case was particularly harsh. Here is what it said about Mayella: She was so starved for sex that she spent an entire year scheming for a way to make it happen. She was desperate for a man, any man. She repeatedly grabbed at Tom and wouldn’t let him go, barring the door when he respectfully tried to disentangle himself. And in case Mayella had any dignity left after all that, it had to be insinuated that she had sex with her father.
Now, does Atticus have any evidence that any of that actually happened? The story doesn’t say so.

Atticus has to defend his client by creating a plausible story, implying that Mayella - described disparagingly as “a thick-bodied girl accustomed to strenuous labor” and who is implied to be the victim of incest and thus likely to share in her father’s degraded low morals, is sex-hungry, a slut who wanted to have sex with a man of another race, and thus, should be unworthy of defense in the eyes of a jury. By playing to the jury’s racial and class and sexual prejudices, this was probably one of the few defenses available and usable by an attorney defending a black man against rape in that time in the south, and one of the few defenses that historically were known to have worked with largely white and largely male juries in such cases. Atticus’s defense strategy is to try to defuse the racial issue by appealing to the jury’s class antipathies by portraying her as a “white trash slut” and swap one set of prejudices (racial) for others (economic class and sexual).

And as part of his defense, Atticus has to show that if she was sexually assaulted, she was somehow complicit in it. There is no sympathy or compassion shown for Mayella, (who certainly seems to have suffered some kind of abuse), by either Finch or by Scout, who describes her low economic status as you might expect the daughter of a comparatively wealthy attorney to do: "“Every town the size of Maycomb had families like the Ewells. No truant officers could keep their numerous offspring in school; no public health officer could free them from congenital defects, various worms, and the diseases indigenous to filthy surroundings.” Lee’s own class and sexual prejudices, and the era’s eugenics beliefs, which held that people of “bad stock” were irredeemable, were peeping out there.

Obviously, Lee’s story stacks the deck and sets Tom as the victim and Atticus as his noble hero, and clearly, Lee has constructed a story where this is the case. Given the time and setting in the story, Atticus may have had no other choice if he wanted to defend his client. The defense he uses, however, is one that most advocates rightly see as attacking the victim, i.e., the “She wanted it / she is a slut” defense. Atticus shows no remorse for having to use such a defense, however, and even seems to enjoy his ability to intimidate Mayella on the witness stand.
 
We actually don’t know that, from our perspective as readers of the book. Lee does not give us any viewpoints outside of Scout’s as narrator, and what her father said about the case. DNA evidence did not exist at the time, and Mayella does show physical signs of an assault, although it seems likely from where the author wants to lead us that Mayella’s father was likely to be responsible for the physical assault, and possibly a sexual one as well. But the jurors in the story have testimony from Mayella about her rape, corroborating testimony from her father, and testimony from Tom Robinson that he was inside the house and something of a sexual nature took place. Atticus makes a great fanfare about how Tom couldn’t have used his injured right arm to strike Mayella on the left side of her face, which actually makes little sense - he could have just as easily backhanded her with his left hand. What we are left with is the narrative that Atticus creates to defend his client: The legal scholar Steven Lubet, who wrote about Finch’s case in the Michigan Law Review, said the following about Finch’s defense strategy, which he said was "to exploit a virtual catalog of misconceptions and fallacies about rape, each one calculated to heighten mistrust of the female complainant.”

Now, does Atticus have any evidence that any of that actually happened? The story doesn’t say so.

Atticus has to defend his client by creating a plausible story, implying that Mayella - described disparagingly as “a thick-bodied girl accustomed to strenuous labor” and who is implied to be the victim of incest and thus likely to share in her father’s degraded low morals, is sex-hungry, a slut who wanted to have sex with a man of another race, and thus, should be unworthy of defense in the eyes of a jury. By playing to the jury’s racial and class and sexual prejudices, this was probably one of the few defenses available and usable by an attorney defending a black man against rape in that time in the south, and one of the few defenses that historically were known to have worked with largely white and largely male juries in such cases. Atticus’s defense strategy is to try to defuse the racial issue by appealing to the jury’s class antipathies by portraying her as a “white trash slut” and swap one set of prejudices (racial) for others (economic class and sexual).

And as part of his defense, Atticus has to show that if she was sexually assaulted, she was somehow complicit in it. There is no sympathy or compassion shown for Mayella, (who certainly seems to have suffered some kind of abuse), by either Finch or by Scout, who describes her low economic status as you might expect the daughter of a comparatively wealthy attorney to do: "“Every town the size of Maycomb had families like the Ewells. No truant officers could keep their numerous offspring in school; no public health officer could free them from congenital defects, various worms, and the diseases indigenous to filthy surroundings.” Lee’s own class and sexual prejudices, and the era’s eugenics beliefs, which held that people of “bad stock” were irredeemable, were peeping out there.

Obviously, Lee’s story stacks the deck and sets Tom as the victim and Atticus as his noble hero, and clearly, Lee has constructed a story where this is the case. Given the time and setting in the story, Atticus may have had no other choice if he wanted to defend his client. The defense he uses, however, is one that most advocates rightly see as attacking the victim, i.e., the “She wanted it / she is a slut” defense. Atticus shows no remorse for having to use such a defense, however, and even seems to enjoy his ability to intimidate Mayella on the witness stand.
Wow. It’s amazing how we can both read the same book and end up interpreting it so differently. I might comment again when I have the book in front of me, but I would suggest you re-read Bob and Mayella Ewell’s testimonies and paying close attention to both their discription of the assault in light if what we know about Tom and what happens when Mayella talks about her father. I have to ask, what reason do you think Tom would have for attacking Mayella in light of what we know about his family and character? I do remember a screen where Scout says she feels sorry for Mayella, comparing her to Dolphus Raymond’s children. And personally, I never got the feeling that Atticus liked intimidating Mayella on the stand, but that he did so because he had to I order to make his case.
 
It’s fiction, not fact, so what happened in the the novel was whatever Harper Lee wanted to happen. I have no doubt that Tom was innocent, because that is what Harper Lee intended. What I am saying is that it encapsulates the attitudes of that time, when it was okay to attack the sexual history of a woman who claims she has been sexually assaulted, and to attack her on the basis of the poverty of her upbringing.

Atticus could have acted ethically to try to get his client found innocent - he could have attempted to show that Mayella was being coerced by her father to make a false statement, which appears to be the case, and would have resulted in legal intervention and Mayella not continuing to be assaulted by her father. Instead, he chose to depict her as a man-hungry slut who schemed for a year to have sex. It’s a pretty retro view of how you should treat a sexual assault allegation, and has probably taught generations of aspiring defense lawyers, whose client’s guilt is probably a lot more real than the fictional character of the noble Tom, that one should attack the victim, and always attack her background. Most states now have Rape Shield laws that would not allow Atticus’s line of attack, and pursuing it would get him disbarred in most states nowadays.
 
Atticus didn’t blame the victim.

He did point out that there was no proof a rape occurred because the girl was not taken to a hospital.
He also showed that Tom Robinson’s left arm was dead, Bob Ewell was left handed, and the girl’s face was beaten on the right side.
He asked the girl if her father beat her and she hesitated for a moment ( in the book ) which made it clear to everybody in court that the answer was yes.

In other words, Atticus was blaming Bob Ewell, and everybody knew Atticus was right.

Nevertheless, the jury convicted because they had to go back to their neighboes

Atticus could NOT show that Bob Ewell coerced the girl into making a false charge. He had no evidence for this.
But the testimony he brought out in the trial should have made the jury reach this conclusion themselves.
Even nine year old Scout understood that.
 
Do you there is some religious allegory in Atticus Finch’s persona?
 
Do you there is some religious allegory in Atticus Finch’s persona?
Well, you can speak along these lines:
  1. he’s a good man
  2. he risks sacrificing his reputation and standing in the community
  3. he respects the truth
  4. he tries to make people understand the truth
All of these things are seen in God and Christ,
but to say Atticus is an allegory for the divine is a stretch.
 
Capote (birth name was actually Truman Streckfus Persons; Capote was his step-father’s name) actually came to stay with relatives who lived next door to Harper Lee in Monroeville, but was not her cousin.
I stand corrected - I was hesitant to put down he was her cousin and I should’ve gone with my hunch and re-checked. :o And I even read the biography Mockingbird by Charles J. Shields, so I should’ve known better. My bad. (For anyone interested, see amazon.com/Mockingbird-A-Portrait-Harper-Lee/dp/B001O0EHSQ)
The town of Monroeville actually stages a truly wonderful production (by amateurs) of the play each year over multiple weekends. The second act actually takes place inside the Monroe County Courthouse, with white male members of the audience sitting in the place of the jury. There are also other bit parts occasionally filled by local celebrities (my husband, who is a local news anchor, got to don overalls and ride in a donkey cart when we went to see the play a few years ago!!!)

This is likely the most exciting thing that happens in Monroeville, and they do a fantastic job of it. If you ever have a chance to see the play, do so, as you will enjoy it thoroughly.

Harper Lee herself is, of course, quite elderly and reclusive. A number of years back, however, a family who is friends of ours got to spend time with her on her front porch, having tea or lemonade and talking (the dad is a wonderful Catholic doctor with a big family of incredibly bright children; I forget how they received the invitation, but I would have loved to have been a fly on the wall!)
Lucky them! What an opportunity! 👍
Wow. It’s amazing how we can both read the same book and end up interpreting it so differently. I might comment again when I have the book in front of me, but I would suggest you re-read Bob and Mayella Ewell’s testimonies and paying close attention to both their discription of the assault in light if what we know about Tom and what happens when Mayella talks about her father. I have to ask, what reason do you think Tom would have for attacking Mayella in light of what we know about his family and character? I do remember a screen where Scout says she feels sorry for Mayella, comparing her to Dolphus Raymond’s children. And personally, I never got the feeling that Atticus liked intimidating Mayella on the stand, but that he did so because he had to I order to make his case.
Remember the part about how he used good manners with her, calling her “Ma’am” and “Miss Mayella” and she pitched a hissyfit and accused him of mocking her?

I always interpreted the case thusly: Mayella Ewell was outcast from white society because her daddy was a drunken ne’er-do-well and the family was “white trash,” she was becoming a woman without a mother to guide her, and she gradually developed a crush on Tom Robinson due to her budding sexuality. She plotted and schemed a way to have some kind of encounter with him, but when her plan backfired, Bob Ewell (whose only way to feel better about himself was to feel superior to the black people) beat her up. It sounds as if he beat his children when he was drunk and enraged.

Sheriff Tate arrived and saw what he testified to, the immediate aftermath. Mayella had done some quick thinking and this was the South - it didn’t save her the beating but between the two of them, she and Bob conflated the truth about Mayella coming on to Tom into a rape case. Even if she had qualms about lying, she was more afraid of Bob than of anything else. Which is borne out by how Bob goes after Atticus even through attempting to kill his kids.

I don’t think it was that anyone was trying to make Mayella out to be a slut, I think it was that she was trying to twist what really happened and there was the death penalty for rape so it was serious business - Tom’s life was on the line.

In the courtroom scene, when Atticus’s cross-examination is revealing the gaping holes in Mayella’s story, though it’s through Scout’s narration, I think Scout’s observation after Mayella’s final outburst, “Somehow, Atticus had hit her hard in a way that was not clear to me, but it gave him no pleasure to do so” is significant.
 
I don’t find it offensive, but I didn’t like it. The core trial was OK, but the Boo and other parts of the novel that didn’t directly intersect with the trial was obvious and tiresome. It’s morality was simplistic, although I agree that racism is wrong. Maybe because it’s no longer controversial.
 
Last night I was reading a little in TKAM before I went to bed. This morning I woke up thinking “I wonder if there exists TKAM fanfiction?” :newidea: So I went looking and sure enough, there’s quite a bit of it:

fanfiction.net/book/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird/

Word of caution to those reading this who don’t know - in fanfiction, be advised that some is . . . erm . . . not PG-rated. The site above has summaries which should help you choose something that won’t make you blush or worse!

I’m going to check out the ones that sound good. One character I’m curious about (besides Boo Radley and his family) is the late Mrs. Bob Ewell. One wonders what kind of a person she was.

That got me to thinking about the Ewells, because unlike the tribe of Cunninghams, who are more present in the novel even if only peripherally, the Bob Ewell family is the only Ewell family, yet there are supposedly others. You would think there would be a passel of them at the trial. 🤷 Surely the infamous Bob had siblings!

Don’t mean to sound nitpicky or anything, yet it makes me go down all sorts of interesting roads. Was Bob the black sheep of the black sheep? He almost reminds me of Cain - in the sense of where did he get his wife? Did he marry his cousin? :eek: And think of Mayella with her red geraniums - maybe her mother had a wish to escape their pathetic life but didn’t know how.

At the trial, when Mayella is called to the witness stand, her full name is “Mayella Violet Ewell.” I wonder if her mama might have been named Violet.
 
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