Cornelius à Lapide:
And they brought, &c., spread their clothes, Gr.
ιμάτια, i.e., their cloaks, or outer garments, as it were in adornment.
Placed Him thereon: many existing MSS. together with the Syriac have,
He sat upon him, i.e., the colt. It is most probable that Christ sat both upon the [donkey] as well as her colt in succession. First He made use of the [donkey], then of the colt. The colt perchance was not strong enough to bear a rider in the descent and ascent of the mountain: the [donkey] was not so becoming for the entry into the city. But it was chiefly because of the mystery implied that He willed to make use of both the beasts, that He might signify that He should reign not over those only to whom He had been promised, i.e., the Jews, but over the two sorts of people of which the world is made up – the Jews, accustomed to the yoke of the Mosaic law, who were represented by the [donkey]; and the Gentiles, living up to this time without the Law of God, and who were denoted by the colt. “For as sinners,” says
Auctor Imperfecti, “are the horses of the devil, so are the saints said to be the horses of Christ, although Christ loves mild [donkeys], rather than fierce and proud horses.”
These disciples, together with the multitude, were inspired and acted upon by the Holy Ghost, or else by Christ’s own Divinity to make the adornment of this royal pomp. They clothed the [donkey] with their garments as with regal trappings; and they made Christ to sit thereon that they might render Him homage as the Messiah, and inaugurate His reign as King of Jerusalem…
… Remigius says: “The Lord came to Jerusalem sitting upon [a donkey], because He presides over the holy Church and the faithful soul, and rules it in this life, and afterwards introduces it to the vision of the celestial country. The Apostles and other Doctors placed their garments upon the [donkey], because they gave to the Gentiles the glory which they had received from Christ…” –
The Great Commentary of Cornelius à Lapide: S. Matthew’s Gospel – Chaps. X to XXI.
Ignatius Catholic Study Bible:
21:1-11 … Jesus rides a colt into Jerusalem (21:7) as Solomon rode David’s mule into the city…
21:5 A combined reference to Is 62:11 and Zech 9:9. • The emphasis of this citation is twofold:
(1) Isaiah’s prophecy, only partially cited, speaks of a highway to Jerusalem when the Lord declares, “Behold, your salvation comes.” The similar wording of Zechariah’s prophecy connects this salvation with the coming
king. (2) The uniqueness of this king is his lowliness and humility: he rides a peaceful
donkey rather than a “war horse” (Zech 9:10).
21:7 he sat on them: Matthew alone mentions a
donkey and a
colt (cf. Mk 11:7; Lk 19:35). That Jesus
sat on them refers either to the
garments or indicates that he rode both beasts successively. •
Allegorically (St. Jerome,
Homily 81), the two beasts are the nations that Christ brings under his Lordship. The donkey signifies Israel in its long-standing covenant with God; the colt is the younger Gentiles, unfamiliar with God and his Law. Jesus ushers them together into the Church of the heavenly Jerusalem (Gal 4:26; Heb 12:22) –
Ignatius Catholic Study Bible: The Gospel of Matthew.
The Navarre Bible:
1–5. In his triumphant entry into Jerusalem Jesus reveals himself as the Messiah, as St Matthew and St John (12:14) stress by quoting the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9. Although the Latin translation says “mounted on a [female] [donkey]”, the original Hebrew text says “mounted on a [male] [donkey]”, and the latter is the text followed in this translation (in the Greek translation of the Septuagint no sex is specified). The other two Synoptic Gospels limit themselves to giving the key fact of Jesus’ messianic entry into the Holy City mounted on the colt (Mk 11:2; Lk 19:30). St Matthew sees in the fact that the colt is with the [donkey] a further detail of the prophecy, which refers to the colt being the foal of [a donkey] (that seems to be why the [donkey] is referred to throughout the account, the [donkey] being with the colt, although Jesus was mounted only on the colt).
In the prophecy in Zechariah 9:9 (which in the original Old Testament text is longer than the quotation in Matthew) the future messianic king is described as “humble”. The [donkey], originally a noble mount (cf. Gen 22:3; Ex 4:20; Num 22:21; Jud 5:10), was replaced by the horse in the period of the Israelite monarchy (cf. 1 Kings 4:26; 10:28; etc.). The prophecy, by referring to [a donkey], shows that the king of peace wins his victory by humility and gentleness, not by force of arms.
The Fathers have read a deeper meaning into this episode. They see the [donkey] as symbolizing Judaism, for long subject to the yoke of the Law, and the foal, on which no one has ridden, as symbolizing the Gentiles. Jesus leads both Jews and Gentiles into the Church, the new Jerusalem –
The Navarre Bible: Gospels & Acts.
I hope you find this material helpful.
Your brother in the Lord,
Pete