The Catholic Church has seen all forms of government rise and fall. Some have embraced the church, others have treated it with hostility. All I care is that, regardless of the system of government, it recognises the basic dignities of all human beings and do not target the Church for persecution.
I’m honestly confused of this constant bickering on whether America is a republic or a democracy. I have never heard of republics and democracies as mutually exclusive concepts until I started dealing with American forums.
I’ll just explain how the rest of the world treats the subject: the two do not even refer to the same aspect of governance. One can be both, either or neither. To us, a republic is one where it the head of the state is appointed, be it by election or nomination, as the theoretical custodian of the government, and is used to distinguish from a monarchy, where the individual personally embodies governmental authority. A constitutional republic is a republic that additionally has a written basic law - a constitution. It has no bearing on how decision-making is conducted in the country. It could be a dictatorship or a consensus, but it would still be a republic.
A democracy, on the other hand, is simply a government where decisions significantly involve the popular vote in some way. It does not mean all decisions are made by the people directly, which is the misconception some people have. That belongs to the distinction between representative and direct democracy. It also does not affect the status of the head of state. The head of state could be an emperor, king, president or council, but as long as the popular vote is involved, the country would still be a democracy.
In this way, the United States is considered a constitutional republic and a representative democracy. It is a republic and a democracy. I am guessing the reason why there is this false impression that republics and democracies are considered polar opposites is because each of the two political parties are named after one or the other. And since the two parties are constantly at loggerheads with each other, they believe that the associated names must refer to mutually exclusive concepts too, and the party leaders perpetuate that attitude as well.
There is no such thing as “true democracy”. The idea of a “true democracy” is largely a polemical ideal where the proponents envision a specific system as the one that best embodies the wishes of the people. As such, people have called both representative democracies and direct democracies “true democracies”. If people demand for a monarchy, some would even call that “true democracy” too, simply because it is the wish of the people.
So let me illustrate a few examples for you…
- Can one be a republic without being a democracy? Certainly! Look at China. They are a republic with a president nominated by the ruling party, but have next to no democracy.
- Can one be a democracy without being a republic? That’s the United Kingdom for you. They are a constitutional monarchy and a representative democracy.
- And can one be neither? The Holy See stands testament to that fact.
