Disclaimer: I’m not religious, but I find religion fascinating, and I’m curious about this.
It is the position of the Catholic Church that a communion wafer transforms from normal, every-day bread into the literal body of Christ. But if you were to take a microscope and look at the bread before and after transubstantiation, you’d see no change. Every molecule would be the same. Every atom would remain the same. Every neutron, every proton, every electron would be exactly the same.
As a secular person, I don’t understand how a Catholic could believe that something has changed, because in every way we can observe, it hasn’t.
So, in what sense does the Church believe that something has changed? What about the wafer has changed? Specificity would be appreciated.
The answer to your question would have to come from the realm of philosophy. I’m not sure that discussions of stop signs and dark matter are particularly helpful in understanding this most difficult concept, which is really beyond the understanding of most of us, myself included, unless schooled in philosophy.
Keep in mind that the Presence in the Eucharist is not a
physical presence; it is a
sacramental presence of Christ. It is the same body Jesus had after the Resurrection: the body that could appear and disappear at will, come through locked doors, etc. A different presence, to be sure.
As mentioned, the
accidents of a thing (taste, appearance, weight, proton and neutron arrangement) remain the same. Nothing observable changes.
However, the
substance of a thing - that which makes it what it is
does change. And you’re right about the difficulty of belief in this, but this occurrence certainly isn’t unprecedented: It first happened 2000 years ago. At the Last Supper Jesus broke bread, and said to His disciples, “Take and eat. This is my body.” So here they were, eating something which appeared to be bread, but was actually His body and blood.
Since we Christians know Jesus not to be a liar or a crazy person, we accept on faith what the Lord says. He told the followers in John 6 “Unless you eat my body and drink my blood you shall not have life in you. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink,” etc.
So, in the final analysis, we believe it because Jesus told us that it was so, and He commanded us to do it. There’s practically no way to logically debate you into this belief without your first believing Jesus is God, the Second Person of the Trinity. Everything falls into place after that.
Nettie