But in a physical and very real sense it must actually be bread and wine?
Metaphysically speaking, what’s physical isn’t what’s actually real. Physical characteristics aren’t the thing itself, but are mediated experiences of the thing. When I see ‘bread’, I’m not experiencing the bread, per se, but simply the light waves that have bounced off the bread and into my eyes. My visual experience of the bread is mediated by light waves; it’s not an immediate experience of the bread.
What is
real about the bread, though – its substance – is something that I cannot experience with my senses. To put it as Kant did, we’re talking about the difference between what the thing
is (its noumena) and what we can experience of it (its phenomena). To Kant, we can never experience the thing itself, but only its phenomena.
Now, to complicate things further… in our experience in this universe, the phenomena of things tends to be more or less stable – or at least, explainable. When we see a loaf of bread on the counter last week, and then see the same phenomena on the counter this week, we think, “oh, that’s that loaf of bread I saw last week!” We
presume that the same phenomena imply that the same noumena is what’s causing them. Similarly, when a loaf of bread starts to go bad, we look at the mold and aren’t fooled into thinking that we’re looking at a different ‘thing’ – just that this loaf of bread has taken on different phenomena (it looks green, it feels fuzzy, and it smells and tastes bad). But, although the phenomena have changed, the substance remains the same – we think, “yuck; that’s the loaf of bread that’s been there since Labor Day.” Our whole world would be impossible to comprehend if all things swapped phenomena, such that one day, I’d look at the loaf of bread on the counter and think “mmm… sandwich”, and the next day, I’d look at the loaf of bread and think, “umm… Mom?”
So, what’s commonplace in our experience is to understand the reality (a.k.a., ‘substance’ or ‘noumena’) of things based on their phenomena (i.e., bread always looks like bread, and Mom always looks like Mom). Things, typically, do not undergo substantial change; they undergo accidental change. Mom gets grey hair and wrinkles, but she’s still Mom.
What we say about the Eucharist, then, is that
even though our senses tell us that the phenomena of bread and wine are retained, the noumena – that is, the substance – has changed. It
is no longer bread and wine that we look at, but Christ. The phenomena are the same, such that, to our senses, all we experience are the things we experience with bread and wine; yet, they are not bread and wine, but have undergone transubstantiation into the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Christ.
Kinda trippy, but that’s what Catholics believe. It is, in the true sense of the word, a miracle – something that only God could accomplish.
in a very real sense it truly is still bread and wine; even if it’s also Jesus in a Spiritual sense?
No: it’s not Jesus in a ‘spiritual’ sense, it’s Jesus in a ‘real’ sense. In terms of appearances, it appears to be bread & wine; but in terms of metaphysical reality, it’s Christ.