Nonetheless, Chamberlain is consistently regarded as one of the UK’s two worst prime ministers in the 20th century. I do agree that one can see appeasement as a pragmatic policy that bought Britain an extra 11 months in which to rearm adequately to wage war against Germany.
On the other hand, this argument to some extent only holds up with the benefit of hindsight. As things turned out, Germany was defeated, but that was almost seven years after the Munich Agreement and at enormous and lasting cost. Chamberlain could not even have known with certainty that Germany would indeed invade Poland. If the “peace for our time” had lasted, the German annexation of Czechoslovak territory would have lasted indefinitely. The Sudetenland was restored to Czechoslovakia after the war, but at the cost of Czechoslovakia falling under the control of the Soviet Union. The only true victor of the war in Poland was the Soviet Union, which succeeded in annexing eastern Poland (in a simultaneous invasion with Germany) and then creating a satellite state comprising the German-occupied portion of Poland plus part of the former eastern territories of Germany. Poland would not be truly liberated until 1989.
This was an enormous gamble. Chamberlain surely could not have foreseen that Germany would renege on the non-aggression pact and therefore could not possibly have predicted that Germany would ultimately be broken by a war waged on two fronts. He also could not have foreseen that the United States would enter the war in 1941. The defeat of Germany was by no means a foregone conclusion.
The alternative, of course, was risking war with Germany in 1938. Would Germany’s expansionist ambitions have been swiftly crushed? Could Britain and France have averted the partition of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union? Perhaps not. Certainly it would have been an enormous gamble. Perhaps Chamberlain did the best that he could under the circumstances. Certainly I rate him more highly than Boris Johnson.
I think Johnson is evidence that memorizing a thesaurus doesn’t make you smart.
Very true. Don’t forget memorizing some Latin quotations. He seems to think that that impresses people too. As Boris himself would say,
cuilibet fatuo placet sua calua.