Frank Roman:
Could you critique my current understanding of Vatican II?
It was NOT and infallible unless it was reiterating previous infallible teachings. This is the impression given by the Theological note of the council. The majority of the pronouncements were pastoral in nature and they were completely contradictory to the decrees of previous popes, especially Blessed Pius IX as was said by then Cardinal Ratzinger.
“If it is desirable to offer a diagnosis of the text [Gaudium et Spes] as a whole, we might say that (in conjunction with the texts on religious liberty and world religions) it is a revision of the Syllabus of Pius IX, a kind of countersyllabus. …] Let us be content to say that the text serves as a countersyllabus and, as such, represents, on the part of the Church, an attempt at an official reconciliation with the new era inaugurated in 1789.” (Principles of Catholic Theology, 1987, pp. 381-2, Ignatius Press 1987)
By “countersyllabus” Cardinal Ratzinger didn’t mean that
Gaudium Et Spes was
contrary to the Catholic doctrines of the past. He meant that
Gaudium Et Spes used
an approach (positive, promulgation of truth), that was
contrary to the past approach (negative, condemnation of errors) used by the
Syllabus of Errors. That’s what he meant by “contra-syllabus.” It was “contra” to condemnation, insofar as it taught the
same doctrine in a positive way, not by condemnation of error.
This is evident from the corpus of works by Ratzinger, where he asserts that Vatican II represents "
the unbroken, the unique Tradition of the Church and of her faith."
In a letter to Msgr Lefebvre, Cardinal Ratzinger stated:“
You may not, however, affirm that the conciliar texts, which are magisterial texts, are incompatible with the Magisterium and with Tradition.” (Cardinal Ratzinger letter to Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre on July 20, 1983)Furthermore, Cardinal Ratzinger states regarding Vatican II:
It is a necessary task to defend the Second Vatican Council against Msgr. Lefebvre, as valid, and as binding upon the Church. …
[Vatican II is] one part of the unbroken, the unique Tradition of the Church and of her faith.
(Cardinal Ratzinger’s July 13, 1988 remarks to the Bishops of Chile regarding the Lefebvre Schism)
To understand this better, think of the way in which
Dei Verbum teaches the inerrancy of Scripture. One can teach the doctrine negatively: “Scripture is without error,” or as a
counter-catechesis, one can teach it positively: “Scripture teaches truthfully.” This
counter-catechesis is not a contradiction of the prior teaching. Instead, it is contrary in method.
You may also consider what Ratzinger said about the infallibility of
all ecumencial councils:… it is clear that
conciliar decisions are infallible in the sense that I can be confident that here the inheritance of Christ is correctly interpreted (Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger,
The Canon of Criticism,
Salt of the Earth (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1997))