Vatican City is not rich relative to nation states. It operates an economy of about $300 million a year. The University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee operates an economy of about $600 million a year. The University of Wisconsin at Madison, the flagship campus of the UW system, operates a yearly economy of over $1 billion I believe.
So, no, Vatican City is not rich relative Harvard University and certainly not next to the cities of Chicago or Boston or Seattle. Basic 100 level economic courses would help one deduce this. Land, labor, and capital are essential components to creating wealthy for any business, city, or nation-state.
Land can come in the form of woods or stones used to create floors or cabinets as well. It’s just not territorial size. Labor comes in the form of people. Capital comes in the form of buildings, tools, machinery, trucks et cetera.
The beautiful buildings in Vatican City are very old buildings and erected during a time (at great cost too) when things were built to last centuries. Not like our modular homes today and punch through drywall. So, the Church can not be blamed for building quality structures especially during a period when that was a norm.
Vatican City also lists the value of St. Peters, to my knowledge, at $1.00. It regards it as priceless and the Vatican does not take out loans against it’s world heritage buildings in Vatican City. The Holy See (the government of Vatican City) also assumes the responsibility of protecting and maintaining these great works of art for not just the whole Church globally, but for the sake of Italian heritage and history, and also for humanity as whole. Kind of like the pyramids of Egypt.
The impressive uniforms or costumes of the Cardinals and Popes and Swiss guards gives an impression of wealth too. But my Dress Blues in the U.S. Marine Corps looked impressive as well I thought. That did not make me as an E-4 or other low ranking enlisted Marines rich.
I also have a sterling silver U.S. Marine Corps ring I might add. I paid over $200 for it but I’m ranked as “poor” in the United States. Therefore, a gold ring or a piece of jewelry made of precious metal does not necessarily mean a person is rich. Look at all the low-income Americans in the U.S. South and East Coast running around with gold in their mouths (plated on their teeth).
As for incomes inside Vatican City, yes, you have clergy with Ph.D.'s earning roughly U.S. $16,000.00 a year. And the lay labor force inside Vatican City are unionized (and extraordinarily difficult to fire) and receive modest pay but with generous benefits to my understanding. They can shop at the Vatican grocery store and buy medication at the Vatican pharmacy which is possibly the best on earth, stockpiling medicine not approved of by the FDA in the United States.
A number of the Vatican clergy live in spacious Vatican and/or Roman apartments and condos that would fetch a pretty penny in New York City or Chicago. But so what? Who said you had to live in a shantytown or cardboard box to be moral? What do the above average large homes in the United States men then given much of the world lives in far smaller dwellings? Plus, the price of a luxury apartment in the London or New York is not intrinsic. Those same luxury apartments would cost you far less in the City of Milwaukee.
I was just recently looking at how cheap apartments are in Phoenix compared to Milwaukee. I could get the equivalent standard of my 1 bedroom apartment (~550 sq ft) in the City of Phoenix for roughly $400 a month. I pay $579 a month. I could get the equivalent standard of a two bedroom (~800 sq ft or >) in Phoenix for about $525 or $559.
So there is no intrinsic price to a property.
But no… the clergy in Vatican City do not live in this:
youtube.com/watch?v=CyMgv5eJ4j8
Or this:
sothebysrealty.com/eng/sales/detail/180-l-1281-20293740/31-blue-heron-irvine-ca-92603
Or this:
sothebysrealty.com/eng/sales/detail/180-l-1952-4000032335/a-one-of-a-kind-glamourous-property-in-milan-milano-mi-20121
Or this:
sothebysrealty.com/eng/sales/detail/180-l-697-4000034420/exceptional-property-in-cannes-californie-cannes-pr-06400