Voting for the "lesser" of two evils

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Philip P:
Yeah, that’s essentially my point in a nutshell. A good law is also an effective law. Your brought up laws against murder. If a similar proportion of people believed murder was ok as believed in abortion, though, I think a law against murder would be difficult, if not impossible, to enforce. Does this mean I think murder is ok? No, it means I think a law dealing with it would be ineffective (and this is not such a long shot. Think back of, say, historical examples of honor-based societies, were an insult to you or your family’s honor was sufficient grounds to kill. Was that moral? No. Was it tolerated by society? Yes. We’d of course have to get more specific, and talk about specific societies, to discuss the legal landscape in these situations).

It’s really a matter of priorities for me. If I were a Congressman, no, I would not support keeping abortion legal. If there were a refererndum, again, I would not support keeping abortion legal. I do not agree that it is a fundamental right. There is no natural “right” to an abortion. It is, however, currently a legal right.

So as a voter, the question is, where do I want to focus my energies? What is the likely outcome of making a procedure illegal that a sizeable portion of the population not only believes is acceptable, but maybe even a right? The result, I think, is that many people would simply disobey the law. Then not only do we have a situation where abortion is still ocurring, but where the authority of civil law is being eroded, too. Now I have to spend my energy not only trying to change attitudes on abortion, but defending the legitimacy of an unpopular law as well?

A better approach seems to me to work to create a society where abortion doesn’t happen first, and then make it illegal. To put it another way, I’m not sure I agree that the law is our “first teacher.” While this may be true in the context of canon law, and is true in moral law, in democratic civil law I think it law is the reflection of society’s standards. The fact that abortion is legal reflects the fact that our society accepts abortion. I think it makes more sense to change what society accepts, rather than change the law and hope that this will change society.
So if enough people believe murder is okay, it should be legal?

And any other crime should be legal if enough people want to commit it?
 
vern humphrey:
So if enough people believe murder is okay, it should be legal?

And any other crime should be legal if enough people want to commit it?
I am opposed to the war in Iraq. I think it is killing a lot of innocent people. I think it endangers the security of the United States. I think the man running the war won his position via fraud in 2000. Yet, I pay my taxes. I accept president Bush as the legitimate president. Why? Because I the Supreme Court ruled he won the 2000 election, and he won again in 2004 via the electoral process. I may not like many of the things the government is doing under him, may even believe them to be immoral, but I accept them, because I accept the system.

I live in a democracy. It doesn’t really matter what I personally believe to be moral or immoral - what matters is what we as a nation agree to. Currently we as a nation agree that abortion is acceptable. I do not personally believe it is. In fact, I believe it to be profoundly immoral. But my task is therefore to work to change what my society believes, not the law. Working to change the law without caring about the society that law reflects is, to my mind, a fool’s errand. It won’t work.

So yes, to take your reductio ad absurdum at face value, “if enough people believed murder is ok, it should be legal.” That’s called living in a democracy. My task is not to make it illegal, but to convince people that they’re wrong. Then we as a society will change the law to reflect our beliefs.
 
Philip P:
I am opposed to the war in Iraq. I think it is killing a lot of innocent people…
And that justifies your support for legalized abortion?

I ask you again, if most people favored it, would you support legalized lynching? Legalized segregation? Legalized extermination of Jews?
 
vern humphrey:
And that justifies your support for legalized abortion?

I ask you again, if most people favored it, would you support legalized lynching? Legalized segregation? Legalized extermination of Jews?
Lynching was legal for a time. Was lynching wrong? Of course. Was making lynching illegal a good move? Certainly if you were a northern politician trying to make yourself look good to your constituents, but if you wanted to be taken seriously as anti-lynching, I’d expect you to do more than grandstand with an anti-lynching bill.

As far as genocide, US policy against Native Americans in some cases would be an example of genocide. If this were the 19th century, which do you think would be more effective - trying to pass a law against genocide, or trying to convince people that massacring Native Americans is immoral? Laws are only effective if people believe in them.

In regards to abortion, I think our resources are better spent convincing people that the unborn are people, and thus constitutionally protected, than in grandstanding on “making abortion illegal.”

We live in a democracy. If you want to change the law, you have to change the people.
 
Philip P:
Lynching was legal for a time. Was lynching wrong? Of course. Was making lynching illegal a good move? Certainly if you were a northern politician trying to make yourself look good to your constituents, but if you wanted to be taken seriously as anti-lynching, I’d expect you to do more than grandstand with an anti-lynching bill.

As far as genocide, US policy against Native Americans in some cases would be an example of genocide. If this were the 19th century, which do you think would be more effective - trying to pass a law against genocide, or trying to convince people that massacring Native Americans is immoral? Laws are only effective if people believe in them.

In regards to abortion, I think our resources are better spent convincing people that the unborn are people, and thus constitutionally protected, than in grandstanding on “making abortion illegal.”

We live in a democracy. If you want to change the law, you have to change the people.
You really jump through hoops to justify your support for “pro-choice,” don’t you?
 
vern humphrey:
And that justifies your support for legalized abortion?
Given the chance, I would vote to make abortion illegal. If there is ever a referendum, or I ever find myself in public office, that is how I would vote.

What I oppose is the position that says that this is the only way to end abortion, and that the legal status on abortion is the only issue I should consider when voting for a candidate. I am not voting for or against specific bills when I vote as a private citizen.
 
vern humphrey:
You really jump through hoops to justify your support for “pro-choice,” don’t you?
I think I just respect the concept of democracy more than you do.
 
Philip P:
Given the chance, I would vote to make abortion illegal. If there is ever a referendum, or I ever find myself in public office, that is how I would vote.

What I oppose is the position that says that this is the only way to end abortion, and that the legal status on abortion is the only issue I should consider when voting for a candidate. I am not voting for or against specific bills when I vote as a private citizen.
You have had many chances to help make abortion illegal – most especially in voting for polticial leaders who will appoint judges who will oppose abortion, and others who will support those nominations in the Senate.

But you seem to find all sorts of reasons not to do it.
 
Philip P:
I think I just respect the concept of democracy more than you do.
Murdering the unborn is not democracy. Segregation is not democracy. Lynching is not democracy.
 
vern humphrey:
You have had many chances to help make abortion illegal – most especially in voting for polticial leaders who will appoint judges who will oppose abortion, and others who will support those nominations in the Senate.

But you seem to find all sorts of reasons not to do it.
I don’t believe any of those I’ve had a chance to vote for represented a credible promise of making abortion illegal. You may disagree, which is a reason we probably vote differently. But you seem to be arguing that, even if I don’t believe a candidate has a serious chance of reducing abortion, I have a moral duty to vote for him or her. This makes no sense to me. It priviledges rhetoric over substance.

And as for my remark about democracy, what I meant by that is where we locate the source and authority of our civil law. I would be interested in where you locate it, though that is probably another thread topic.
 
Philip P:
I don’t believe any of those I’ve had a chance to vote for represented a credible promise of making abortion illegal. You may disagree, which is a reason we probably vote differently. But you seem to be arguing that, even if I don’t believe a candidate has a serious chance of reducing abortion, I have a moral duty to vote for him or her. This makes no sense to me. It priviledges rhetoric over substance.
Correct me if I’m wrong, Phillip, but you are pro-choice, are you not?

And you vote for politicians who are pro-choice.
Philip P:
And as for my remark about democracy, what I meant by that is where we locate the source and authority of our civil law. I would be interested in where you locate it, though that is probably another thread topic.
Abortion was not made legal through the democratic process – it was foisted on this country by a twisted reading of the Constitution. Killing millions of innocent people is never a democratic act – any more than segretation or lynching is democratic.
 
vern humphrey:
Correct me if I’m wrong, Phillip, but you are pro-choice, are you not?
No, I’m not. If I personally had a chance to vote on abortion laws, I would vote against keeping it legal.

However, when it comes to candidates, the candidates who I think are better for America are unfortunately sometimes pro-choice. It’s not their stance on abortion that I’m voting for. If there was an anti-abortion candidate who I thought wasn’t also going to run American into the ground, I would gladly vote for him or her. Unfortunately, that opportunity has not yet presented itself to me.
Abortion was not made legal through the democratic process – it was foisted on this country by a twisted reading of the Constitution. Killing millions of innocent people is never a democratic act – any more than segretation or lynching is democratic.
But it was still decided by the Supereme Court, which has that authority. I think it was decided wrongly, but I cannot claim to believe in the Constitution and say that it was decideded illegitimately.

Also, it is because of the effect Roe v Wad has had on America that I think the ending of abortion needs to go through the democratic rather than the judicial process. Making abortion the law of the land deeply polarized the country. Making it illegal by judicial fiat, though, would have the same effect. I fear that a judicial fiat making it illegal, while legitimate (the court does have the authority), would undermine democratic consensus. It would create a large and dedicated pro-choice constituency the mirror of today’s pro-life one (today’s militant pro-choicers have money and inordinate influence, but I do not believe they have the numbers and sincerity of the pro-life community).

I don’t want to fix a mistake by making another. The way forward is not through judicial fiat, but through reaching democratic consensus.
 
Philip P:
No, I’m not. If I personally had a chance to vote on abortion laws, I would vote against keeping it legal.
Then why would you vote for politicians whose policy is exactly the opposite?
Philip P:
However, when it comes to candidates, the candidates who I think are better for America are unfortunately sometimes pro-choice.
How can they be “better” for America if they are willing to support the killling of 3,000 to 4,000 innocent Americans every day – just on the whims of the mothers?
Philip P:
It’s not their stance on abortion that I’m voting for. If there was an anti-abortion candidate who I thought wasn’t also going to run American into the ground, I would gladly vote for him or her. Unfortunately, that opportunity has not yet presented itself to me.
So you vote for those who support the killing of 3,000 to 4,000 Americans a day?
Philip P:
But it was still decided by the Supereme Court, which has that authority. I think it was decided wrongly, but I cannot claim to believe in the Constitution and say that it was decideded illegitimately.
So you say it is legitimate?

Roe vs Wade was based on a right to privacy which “emanates from the penumbra of the 14th Amendment.”

Yet the 14th Amendment guarentees equal protection under the law – and this decision makes a sharp distinction between the protection given those who are born and those qho are not yet born.
Philip P:
Also, it is because of the effect Roe v Wad has had on America that I think the ending of abortion needs to go through the democratic rather than the judicial process.
Until you overturn Roe vs Wade, you cannot go through what you call the democratic process – because the Court simply strikes down every pro-life law.
Philip P:
Making abortion the law of the land deeply polarized the country. Making it illegal by judicial fiat, though, would have the same effect. I fear that a judicial fiat making it illegal, while legitimate (the court does have the authority), would undermine democratic consensus. It would create a large and dedicated pro-choice constituency the mirror of today’s pro-life one (today’s militant pro-choicers have money and inordinate influence, but I do not believe they have the numbers and sincerity of the pro-life community).

I don’t want to fix a mistake by making another. The way forward is not through judicial fiat, but through reaching democratic consensus.
And to get that, you vote for pro-abortion candidates?
 
Vern,

I understand that you believe that the GOP will make abortion illegal, and that this is the surest and best way to end abortion in America. It makes sense that you would therefore vote GOP.

What I don’t understand is why you insist we are all morally requires to share in this belief with you. It is an evaluative judgment, not an objective fact, that the GOP will make abortion illegal, and that this will end abortion in America. But perhaps I am misunderstanding you. Please clarify the following for me:

I don’t believe the GOP has a true intention, much less the actual ability, to make abortion illegal. I also do not believe that, were abortion made illegal in the US as it exists today, this would actually end abortion. Is your position that I am nonetheless morally obliged to vote for the GOP?

I am asking this question not as a rhetorical ploy, but as an attempt to better understand your position, so please just answer yes or no. This is not a trick question, I promise.
 
Philip P:
Vern,

I understand that you believe that the GOP will make abortion illegal, and that this is the surest and best way to end abortion in America. It makes sense that you would therefore vote GOP.
Your understanding is wrong.

I believe that to vote for a pro-abortion politician is wrong. I believe that we have a duty to demonstrate that a pro-abortion stance is a losing stance.

I believe that the abortion issue came up in the courts and will remain a court issue – therefore we must have judges who understand that abortion is both wrong and bad law.
Philip P:
What I don’t understand is why you insist we are all morally requires to share in this belief with you. It is an evaluative judgment, not an objective fact,
It is an objective fact that one party has a pro-abortion plank.
Philip P:
Is your position that I am nonetheless morally obliged to vote for the GOP?

I am asking this question not as a rhetorical ploy, but as an attempt to better understand your position, so please just answer yes or no. This is not a trick question, I promise.
It is my position that it is morally wrong to vote for a pro-abortion politician.
 
vern humphrey:
Your understanding is wrong.

I believe that to vote for a pro-abortion politician is wrong. I believe that we have a duty to demonstrate that a pro-abortion stance is a losing stance.

I believe that the abortion issue came up in the courts and will remain a court issue – therefore we must have judges who understand that abortion is both wrong and bad law.

It is an objective fact that one party has a pro-abortion plank.

It is my position that it is morally wrong to vote for a pro-abortion politician.
Try framing this in a positive form (what one ought to do) rather than a negative form, please.

Given that I do not believe the GOP can/will make abortion illegal, and that I do not believe making abortion illegal will end abortion, what is my moral duty? In other words, not "who am I required NOT to vote for’ but “who am I required to vote for?” Feel free to use the 04 Presidential vote as a specific example.
 
Philip P:
Try framing this in a positive form (what one ought to do) rather than a negative form, please.

Given that I do not believe the GOP can/will make abortion illegal, and that I do not believe making abortion illegal will end abortion, what is my moral duty? In other words, not "who am I required NOT to vote for’ but “who am I required to vote for?” Feel free to use the 04 Presidential vote as a specific example.
That’s akin to saying God should have made the 10 commandments “positive.”

Evil acts are acts. So God tells us “Thou shalt not kill.”

If we wish to end abortion in this country, a major step in that direction is to make it clear that a pro-abortion stance is a politically losing stance.
 
Philip P:
Try framing this in a positive form (what one ought to do) rather than a negative form, please.

Given that I do not believe the GOP can/will make abortion illegal, and that I do not believe making abortion illegal will end abortion, what is my moral duty? In other words, not "who am I required NOT to vote for’ but “who am I required to vote for?” Feel free to use the 04 Presidential vote as a specific example.
I’m afraid it’s simply much easier to frame this particular issue negatively. Magisterial teaching in the last decade or so has placed voting for pro-abortion politicians off the table unless there is a comparable evil at stake. That is an issue that has been specifically addressed. There are many issues where one must seek out the candidate who will best serve the good of society in a moral manner, and on many or even most of those there is no “Catholic” position regarding the best means for achieving the good. So that makes it hard to say “a Catholic must vote for Candidate X.” There are, however, some issues which supply greater clarity, and abortion is an issue which is extremely clear: pro-choice and pro-abortion politicians are not morally acceptable candidates.
 
Andreas Hofer:
I’m afraid it’s simply much easier to frame this particular issue negatively. Magisterial teaching in the last decade or so has placed voting for pro-abortion politicians off the table unless there is a comparable evil at stake. That is an issue that has been specifically addressed. There are many issues where one must seek out the candidate who will best serve the good of society in a moral manner, and on many or even most of those there is no “Catholic” position regarding the best means for achieving the good. So that makes it hard to say “a Catholic must vote for Candidate X.” There are, however, some issues which supply greater clarity, and abortion is an issue which is extremely clear: pro-choice and pro-abortion politicians are not morally acceptable candidates.
Despite all the attempts to fuzz up the issue, that’s the bottom line: pro-choice and pro-abortion politicians are not morally acceptable candidates.
 
Andreas Hofer:
I’m afraid it’s simply much easier to frame this particular issue negatively…
Nonetheless, I do think the issue of voting should be put forward in a postive formulation. I dislike the approach of “avoid the greater evil,” because I think that participating in our system of government is an intrinsic good. I would even go so far as to say that every citizen has a positive duty to vote. Thus, for me the question is “who ought you to vote for” not “who should you not vote for.” As I stated in post 15, my formulation would be “Vote for the candidate you believe will accomplish the most good”

I agree that abortion is a grave evil. Part of that “most good” in my formulation, then, would include progress toward reducing (and eventually eliminating) this. Or, the best candidate would be one that encourages people to choose and value all life, including that of the unborn.

On that end, I don’t think we disagree. It’s the “how” that we disagree with. I do not believe it is humanly possible to actually know, with absolute certainty, what the most effective method to achieve any end is. This is why I have issues with the claims that you must or must not vote for a specific candidate. Let me explain a bit further.

Suppose that, after careful study, thought, and prayer, you came to the conclusion that the absolute best way to end abortion in America is by making it illegal. In such a case, then, your moral duty would be to vote for candidates who will push for criminalizing abortion. We could express this as follows:

My duty is to vote for the candidate who will accomplish the most good. Ending abortion is the greatest good we can do for the country. The best way to end abortion is to make it illegal. Therefore, my duty is to vote for a candidate who will make abortion illegal.

All well and good. But what if, after careful though, prayer, and reflection, you do not believe that making abortion illegal is a possibility, and further, do not believe that it would be an effective way to decisively end abortion in America? Can we still say that you must vote for a candidate who will make abortion illegal? I don’t think we can. At most, we can argue as to whether or not this voter has arrived at the correct conclusion on the possibility and effectiveness of criminalizing abortion. We cannot conclude that the voter has a duty to vote for a program he or she does not believe feasible, however.

What about the flip side? If, after careful thought, prayer, and reflection, you came to the conclusion that not making abortion illegal will result in an increase of abortion, are you not obligated to vote against a pro-choice candidate? Certainly. In fact, I would say you are obligated to vote for the candidate’s opponent, for defeating the pro-choice candidate would be an advance for the good of the country.

Again, though, what if you reach the conclusion that the status quo will not increase abortion? In that case, we cannot make a logical argument that there is a moral duty to vote for the candidate’s opponent. A voter does not have a moral duty to vote for a program he or she believes is not feasible.
 
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