Both
Christianity and Islam are both religions which have fairly often been motivations for violence. (By this I mean that followers of both religions have engaged in violence for reasons that appear to have had a lot to do with their sincere understanding of the teachings of their religion, and with their deep emotional attachment to that religion.)
However, there are plenty of differences in
how this has happened. For instance, it seems to me that:
Christianity has more resources for promoting absolute non-violence, while Islam has a lot of regulations on how violence should be conducted.
Christianity has been more prone to internal heresy-hunts (not that these have been absent from Islam), while Islam has a stronger mandate to expand the rule of Islam through the sword (again, Christians have done this too).
Muslims are more concerned with establishing the honor and dominance of Islam, while Christians have been more prone to think that their religion is insulted by the mere *existence *of unbelievers within a Christian society.
Christianity is much more susceptible of doctrines separating church from state.
Historically (this is the root of many of the differences described above), Christianity had three centuries as an apocalyptic religion without power, while Islam had to deal with issues of power and violence very early on: “Muhammad was his own Constantine.” Christians know how to deal with a situation of persecution and minority status, where Muslims seem to react with rage to anything that remotely resembles persecution. On the other hand, Muslims developed early on a doctrine explicitly calling for religious minorities to be allowed to exist (albeit under severe restrictions), where Christians’ apocalyptic mentality made them uncomfortable with any reminders that not everyone had yet accepted the rule of Christ.
All these claims may, of course, be debated!
Edwin