P
patrick457
Guest
You’re correct that Pliny’s information is second-hand because he has some errors in his information.What’s up with the small type, Patrick?
I bet a massive dig all around the area that Pliny referenced would turn up all sorts of interesting things.
Pliny could have been mistaken, of course, about who lived there, getting information second-hand.
To the west [of the Dead Sea] the Essenes have put the necessary distance between themselves and the insalubrious shore. They are a people unique of its kind and admirable beyond all others in the whole world, without women and renouncing love entirely, without money, and having for company only palm trees. Owing to the throng of newcomers, this people is daily reborn in equal number; indeed, those whom, wearied by the fluctuations of fortune, life leads to adopt their customs, stream in in great numbers. Thus, unbelirvable though this may seem, for thousands of centuries a people has existed which is eternal yet into which no one is born: so fruitful for them is the repentance which others feel for their past lives! Below the Essenes was the town of Engada [Ein Gedi], which yielded only to Jerusalem in fertility and palm-groves but is today become another ash-heap. From there, one comes to the fortress of Masada, situated on a rock, and itself near the Lake of Asphalt [Dead Sea].
- Natural History 5.73
Pliny mentioned the Essenes’ settlement as being “below” Ein Gedi, so some people have assumed that it should be sought in the hills above and to the west of Ein Gedi (instead of at Qumran, which is up north). There was a site in the hills overlooking the Ein Gedi oasis which had been identified as the place Pliny was referring to, but the problem with the identification is, it’s not so much a settlement but an agricultural installation consisting of storage cells and irrigation pools.
Qumran basically fits Pliny’s description better because his description of the Dead Sea progresses from north to south, beginning with the Jordan River to the Essenes’ settlement to Ein Gedi and then to Masada, which would mean that Ein Gedi lay downstream from or south of the settlement. Qumran is really the only place in that area which would fit the description. Despite the second-hand nature of the information, I think Pliny’s testimony cannot be discounted.