Matt 28:16-20
Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. 17 When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and said to them, “**All authority **in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 **Go therefore **and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
It is always good, when finding “therefore” to look and see what it is there for. In this case, the authority with which Jesus sends the Apostles is His own authority. In this act,He transferred the Seat of Moses to His Apostles. He empowered and authorized them to teach in His name “all that I have commanded”. The Apostles passed this authority through ordination and the laying on of hands. Those who were not so commissioned were not considered valid members of the Teaching authority.
The Truth is not defined by those who depart from it.
No where in the Biblical quote you supplied is there a basis for the Magisterium as it is today or was in Luther’s time. The Magisterium, indeed the entire governance structure of the Catholic Church is a construct of men seeking a way to govern their church. No where does Christ layout any type of governance for his church in the form of bishops, cardinals and popes. The Magisterium is just a group of men, they are persumably learned men who have studied, discerned, and prayed about their roles, they are Godly men seeking to properly guide the church and I believe this is true today. However they are men, subject to the same failings and sins as the rest of us. Even the Pope is not without sin, he is only infallible when he speaks from the Throne of Saint Peter (which hasn’t happened very often).
While the bishops and Cardinals who form the Magisterium today are for the most part Godly, good, spiritual men, this was not the case in Luther’s time, and before and after. Bishop seats, and Cardinal seats were traded for power and political favor all the time. They often were acting in their own best interests and not the Church’s or the people she was supposed to be redeeming. The often used their positions for material and political gain, and many (not all) were very corrupt. Why does this group have any more authority to interpret scripture than one Monk who simply started by posing questions and pointing out abuses. What makes them more qualified to define a scarament then the learned, good, Godly council of Bishops that leaded the Lutheran Church MS today?
The Magisterium has made mistakes before, they have excommunicated scientists for theories that have later been proved to be true (Galileo). They failed to rein in rampant abuse within the Church. They condoned or participated in the sale of indulgences, waged wars for wealth in the name of God. They promoted the Spanish Inquisition, and encouraged the Pope to deny sacraments to the entire country of England and seveal Germanic States more than once over course of history, based often on petty political disputes or failure of a prince or king to recognize and submit to the secular power of the papacy. These people are just men, with all the failings that men have. Are many more of the current members amazing godly people…yes, is the current Pope a amazing, Godly wonderful spiritual leader…YES, but it has not always been so.
What exactly makes them qualified to be the sole interpreters of scripture, and God’s will. Just because they had the pervious bishop lay hands on them. I do believe in the passing on of the Pastoral office between clergy, but that doesn’t automatically make someone an authority on everything Christian and the sole designators of what is Truth. Does the Holy spirit only work in them?
Martin Luther approached what he did with prayer, reverence, scholarship, and the belief he was doing the right thing. He had the same or better credentials than many who have occupied a place in the Magisterium. You can keep screaming “By what Authority?”, but you have to answer that yourself as well. Just because your way is older, and more established doesn’t mean it’s the sole source of salvation or Truth.
Also I really do think splitting hairs over rites and sacraments is only a couple steps above the big fish or whale argument. When and if I get to Heaven if God tells me I was wrong about Marriage being a sacrament versus a rite, I’m really OK with that. If confirmation really was a seperate sacrament instead of a continuation of Baptism, no big deal to me. I think the more important thing is that we honor and treasure marriage, perserving it as an institution of the Church, and that we fulfill our baptismal vows and goes through confirmation. As to books of the Bible. I have read alot of the DC books, and there is nothing earth shattering in them…nothing that drastically alters the meaning and intent of the Bible…again if it turns out in the end they were or were not sacred scripture, its not going to freak me out either way.
Too many Catholics spend WAY too much time trying to ripp apart Luther. The reformation is over and done with…the box is open, you are never going to force it closed again. You can recognize that many of the conservative High Litergical Churchs are the Catholic Church’s closest allies in defending traditional Christanity, or you can yell heretic at everyone and go it alone. Your call. However keep in mind that Pope Benedict is trying to find ways to work together with us for the sake of Christian unity. For that alone maybe you should stop throwing stones, acknowledge there are differences, but there are far more similarities.