There is no certain proof of where the nails entered Jesus’ hands. There are many speculations based on what we know about the Romans’ means of execution. We don’t have Jesus’ body to confirm or refute any of them. At the end of the day, it does not matter where the nails went through, not to the Apostolic Churches. It’s more of a question for history buffs.
As to why men like Our Holy Father and St.Pio had it in their hands, the answer is simple. God always works miracles in a way that is easier for the beneficiary to understand. Since most representations of Christ have the nails going through the hands, that is much easier to recognize than having them elsewhere.
There were some differences between St. Francis’ stigmata and that of any other stigmatist, which makes the whole story rather interesting.
- St. Francis’ stigmata came with nails. They were not literally wooden or metal nails. From the description given by the early brothers, they seem to have been made of dead tissue. From the little that I know of dermatology, it sounds like the material of which the nails of our fingers are made.
- The penetrated from the heal of the hand and came out at the wrist on the top side of the hand. They appeared to be entering at an angle.
- St. Francis stigmata is the only stigmata that has ever been formally accepted by a Pontiff as a sign of sanctity. That makes is rather rare. When he canonized our Holy Father, Pope Gregory IX said that Christ had signed the life of this holy brother with the mark of his crucifixion. He refers to the stigmata as a signature that an artist puts on his work. The work being St.Francis and the artist being Christ.
- St. Francis’ stigmata did not disappear after death. Other stigmatists did not have them after death. No one knows why. It’s one of those miraculous mysteries that we’ll have to wait for heaven to understand.
- Finally, Francis prayed for it. No other stigmatist has ever prayed for it. Francis prayed, “Grant me O Lord, that I may experience in my own body what you experienced on the cross out of love for me.” He composed this prayer on the Solemnity of the Holy Cross and three days later, he received the stigmata from a Seraph.
Other than St. Francis’ case, the Church never uses the stigmata to determine if someone is a saint. In St. Francis’ case, the stigmata was part of a big picture. Pope Gregory IX was a personal friend of St. Francis. Francis had been his superior before he became pope. He knew how the stigmata fit into Francis’ life of heroic virtue. That’s not always easy to determine.
Fraternally,
Br.JR, OSF