What exactly is science?

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First off, you’re confusing math and science. Math has proofs. Science has theories. Science, as far as I’m aware, has never proved anything 100% certain, while a math proof only shows that the math works to support something.

Lets say that I have a theory X. Is there evidence for it, can it be falsified, and does it predict things? These are the basic requirements for a hypothesis. If there is no evidence for it, you have to find it. If it cannot be falsified, it’s a poor theory because it defines itself in a way that can only allow it to be true instead of letting experimentation decide. If it cannot predict anything, then it is useless as a theory that explains something about reality.

Theories are never perfect, but we strive to improve them. The sun revolving around the earth was replaced by the earth around the sun and Newtonian physics, which was replaced by General relativity. Each time, the predictions and calculations improved, but it doesn’t mean it can’t be proven wrong in the future. How do we know that general relativity is right? We don’t… but it predicts the orbits of the planets to a higher degree than Newton’s equations, so we use that theory because it’s evidence and predictions are better.

So it is will all science - striving for better explanations.
And bumping up against limitations and going down dead-end alleys because a particular theory theory leads in that direction. Even the math is limited, because we cannot create an entirely consistent system. Our tools extend our perceptions, but we stiull can "see"only so far into the ultra small and the ultra big.
 
Science is supposed to produce reproducible results … in other words, anyone should be able to duplicate the experiment and get the same results. If you drop an object from a high building, the theory is that it will accelerate at 32 feet per second squared.

Any other person can try that experiment and get the same results.

That applies to pressurizing a calorimeter with a flammable substance and oxygen and igniting it and measuring the heat output … and it should match up with the published tables from the Handbook of Chemistry & Physics.

When some scientist comes up with some new theory or some new hypothesis, he (or she) has an obligation to prove it beyond any shadow of doubt. That scientist has an obligation to work to try to prove himself or herself wrong. This is different from patenting some cure for bad breath.

What we are getting instead is people claiming to be scientists, making unproved assertions and then daring people to prove them wrong. That may be good politics but it’s not good science. At the very least they must do everything in a totally transparent way and make all their data and methodology public and instantly available to anyone who asks. Instead what we get are alleged “scientists” who stonewall anyone who questions their work.

Science strives to learn new objective truths. Not easy.
 
A very good point. 🙂
Ironically the minuscule atom is now regarded as the building block of everything that exists - including the mind that discovered it. So we finish up with a collection of atoms that know they and other collections of atoms exist! They can even control themselves!!!🤷
And, of course, you know that the atom is mostly empty space … a nucleus surrounded by orbits of “electrons” … a statistical distribution of electrical charges. The space between the nucleus and the orbits is huge in comparison to the size of the nucleus. It’s the electron configurations and combinations that yield color and material characteristics … melting point and such. But the charge of the electrons fends off infringement by other adjacent atoms. What appears to be solid, isn’t … you and I are a bunch of electric charges with vast amounts of empty space … designed in certain configurations by God.

Imagine that. God designed us to be mostly empty space with a statistical distribution of electrical charges. Pretty clever.

That’s what happens with a God Who happens to be Infinite.

[Meditate on the concept of Infinity for a while. It will blow your mind.]

[There is mathematical infinity and physics infinity … and then there is God’s Infinity.]

👍
 
Science is based on faith in the power of reason and the intelligibility of nature. 🙂
Not quite. Science and experimentation is based on causality. You can call it “faith” in the loose sense of the term, but really it is based on causality because so far it has never failed us in all of recorded history. If you can figure out a way to break causality, it would be an interesting journey indeed, but seeing as we have not broken it in a permanent way yet (and we have tried) I don’t see this changing.
 
liquidpele

each nation’s interests are so closely interwoven with all the others

Some would say causality was broken at the Big Bang, before time began. What say you? 🙂
 
liquidpele

each nation’s interests are so closely interwoven with all the others

Some would say causality was broken at the Big Bang, before time began. What say you? 🙂
Almost. Some would say causality was created by the big bang along with everything else. Subtle difference I’ll admit.
 
The traditional definition of “science” (dating back to Aristotle) is an “organized body of knowledge.” This is distinguished from such kinds of knowledge like intuition. Science is knowledge that has been systematized, structured, into a coherent and consistent form. By this, we can therefore call many things sciences, such as theology (at least theologies that have been systematized, such as the those of the scholastics).

The common definition of “science” is much narrower, and only pertains to the organized body of knowledge concerning the physical universe. The only science, for moderns, is the physical sciences, such as physics, biology, chemistry, etc. Such sciences are separate from philosophical sciences, such as metaphysics, ethics, etc.

Psychology, in a fairly accepted view among Catholic scholars, combines both metaphysical and physical sciences. It deals with emotions, which largely is biologically based, but also to the soul, which cannot be studied by the physical sciences, for the soul is non-physical.

I hope this clears up some very long-standing confusions people have had about the definition of science.
 
And, of course, you know that the atom is mostly empty space … a nucleus surrounded by orbits of “electrons” … a statistical distribution of electrical charges. The space between the nucleus and the orbits is huge in comparison to the size of the nucleus. It’s the electron configurations and combinations that yield color and material characteristics … melting point and such. But the charge of the electrons fends off infringement by other adjacent atoms. What appears to be solid, isn’t … you and I are a bunch of electric charges with vast amounts of empty space … designed in certain configurations by God.

Imagine that. God designed us to be mostly empty space with a statistical distribution of electrical charges. Pretty clever.

That’s what happens with a God Who happens to be Infinite.

[Meditate on the concept of Infinity for a while. It will blow your mind.]

[There is mathematical infinity and physics infinity … and then there is God’s Infinity.]

👍
A fascinating point. Whatever became of materialism? 🙂
 
Psychology, in a fairly accepted view among Catholic scholars, combines both metaphysical and physical sciences. It deals with emotions, which largely is biologically based, but also to the soul, which cannot be studied by the physical sciences, for the soul is non-physical.
Another problem with psychology and all the other fuzzy siences (socialogy, political science, etc.) is deveolping reproducable experiments and mathimatical descriptions. This is why physics, chemistry, and (to an extent) biology are so well defined and other sciences less so.

You can drop a ball from a building hundreds of times, varying one parameter at a time to measure the out come, but if you pump me full of mind altering drugs repeatedly:eek:, either my mind burns out or I might object to a continuation.:D.

Patrick
 
The scientific materialist can hardly stand sacred music.
Arrgh, why do people insist on making statments like this? Because one athiest friend didn’t like a particular piece of music?

I’m an athiest, and support only that which can be verified within the material world.

There is a lot of religious music I do not like, I will grant you that. But there is many that I think is phenomenal, including gregorian chants, numerous hyms and even some modern music that is written “about” God and that I find very beautiful and inspirational. I can understand , when I listen to certain music how people could find a “god” within it.(inspiration)

My entire family are scientifically and materially minded. My mother the most militant athiest I know(except perhaps a view authoers I don’t know personally) listens to traditionally religious music all the time. It’s beautiful. Sorry to derail, but these constant generalizations do not help us to understand anything. They just “presuppose” an already existing bias.

As to ID it does not fit into this category at all. ID is an attempt to fit an already existing belief into reality. Evolution…now that required a combination of observation and imagination. It’s why Darwin is considered so extrodinary(as are his contemporaries, including those within the faith of Islam that formulated a theory of evolution 800 years earlier than darwin…unbenownst to most people of the West)

The atom? Very creative. Evolution? Also creative. ID. Nope…the idea of a creator is not new, it is very old.

But I do think your comment about imagination is insightful :). It is through a creative process, that we come up with our hypothesis in the first place. And it is through a submission to something much bigger than ourselves(for science, truth about the physical world) that enables us to ultilize our imagination and hence verify it.
 
Why this strange prejudice that the physical sciences provide the best explanation of reality. Persons are prima facie more powerful, valuable, purposeful and significant than particles! I think the reason is that the success of science deludes people into believing that it can explain everything from the origin of the universe to the existence of human beings.
I don’t think respecting what science can and has achieved is predjudiced. I’m not sure where one would even come up with this idea.

Science is a dedication to truth, and at least for me quite an extrodinary achievment. Humans have an outstanding capacity to lie to ourselves. That we even created a system that would attempt to negative this capacity shows me how amazing human beings can really be. What we can and do give up, for the sake of something more(truth, love etc) is remarkable.

Science does not claim to know everything or anything for that matter. It is a search for truth following procedures that have been developed over time, to negate out tendancy to believe what we want.

People seem to really dislike science. Everytime I see a child saved through medicine, or an early warning system allow humans to move away from an active volcano I am reminded of how extremely successful and important it is to human life.

I have my theories on why people dislike science so much, but it is hardly predjudiced to accept and appreciate what scientific methods have discovered for humanity.

And, being a creation of humanity science ultimately shows us what we are capable of when we put something above our own measly selves. Humans are rather extrodinary creatures, despite all of our problems 🙂 . Science “almost” gives me faith 😛

Cheers
 
I don’t think respecting what science can and has achieved is predjudiced. I’m not sure where one would even come up with this idea.

Science is a dedication to truth, and at least for me quite an extrodinary achievment. Humans have an outstanding capacity to lie to ourselves. That we even created a system that would attempt to negative this capacity shows me how amazing human beings can really be. What we can and do give up, for the sake of something more(truth, love etc) is remarkable.

Science does not claim to know everything or anything for that matter. It is a search for truth following procedures that have been developed over time, to negate out tendancy to believe what we want.

People seem to really dislike science. Everytime I see a child saved through medicine, or an early warning system allow humans to move away from an active volcano I am reminded of how extremely successful and important it is to human life.

I have my theories on why people dislike science so much, but it is hardly predjudiced to accept and appreciate what scientific methods have discovered for humanity.

And, being a creation of humanity science ultimately shows us what we are capable of when we put something above our own measly selves. Humans are rather extrodinary creatures, despite all of our problems 🙂 . Science “almost” gives me faith 😛
Cheers
You must have misinterpreted me. My question “Why this strange prejudice that the physical sciences provide the best explanation of reality?” refers to the physical sciences providing the best explanation of **reality as a whole, **i.e. the belief that everything including persons can ultimately be explained in terms of atomic particles.

I agree with everything you say about science. It is precisely the success of science with its incredible achievements that reinforces my conviction that the power of reason is the most significant fact of all, that our existence is rational rather than an absurd freak of nature in an irrational universe…
 
You must have misinterpreted me. My question “Why this strange prejudice that the physical sciences provide the best explanation of reality?” refers to the physical sciences providing the best explanation of **reality as a whole, **i.e. the belief that everything including persons can ultimately be explained in terms of atomic particles.
I went with what you said. Not with what you meant to say 🙂

It’s difficult in a discussion to say what we really mean, but I DID take you at your word. Make sure your word, reflects your view please or I just waste my time discussing it with you.

I do the same thing however. I often Presume people know what I actually mean. Human narcissicm at its finest, silly really.

No I didn’t misinterpret you. 🙂 Be more careful in future. 🙂 I know I try to be.
I agree with everything you say about science. It is precisely the success of scienc e with its incredible achievements that reinforces my conviction that the power of reason is the most significant fact of all, that our existence is rational rather than an absurd freak of nature in an irrational universe…
Yes, I think our capacity for scientific understanding does raise the question…how the hell could we do it?

I think the debate of a “creator” is very different than a debate about the nature of that creator and what it wants. IE seperate human reality, from a belief.

I do not think ALL religious people are completely brainwashed, conditioned, indoctrinated and non-couragous fearfilled people the athiest would have us believe. I think many people turn toward religion out of fear. But not all religious people fit this bill and it is them I like to listen to.

The debate about God is different than the debate about a god doctrine supposedly revealed.

Cheers
 
The debate about God is different than the debate about a god doctrine supposedly revealed.
Again I agree with you. We have a lot of common ground but in the end it’s love that counts more than anything else. Discussion about how it originated is less important than how much it dominates our daily lives. 🙂
 
Math has proofs. Science has theories. Science, as far as I’m aware, has never proved anything 100% certain, while a math proof only shows that the math works to support something.
Math is a game with rules we have defined. To prove something in math means checking if it complies with our rules.

Science and theories
Theory by its definition can not be found to be 100% valid. We can only confirm that is valid according to all tests we have made. One failed test and the theory is history.

This is the beauty of science: everything is based on facts and can be proved. No fairy tales.
 
Dameedna

I have my theories on why people dislike science so much, but it is hardly predjudiced to accept and appreciate what scientific methods have discovered for humanity.

I think everyone knows all the good things science has done. The problem is that science is like any other human enterprise. It is as capable of evil as of good. For the first time in human history we are in possession of weapons sufficient to bring on Armagedon. If a very nasty universal war does break out, science and scientists will not be able to explain away their role in the whole business.

The role of science and technology in polluting the earth’s atmosphere is another very negative aspect of science. On balance, we may (or may not) wish someday that we had remained ignorant of fossil fuels.

No one knows what great good or evil science will be somehow connected with in the near and distant future. What we do know is that we cannot rely on the good will of scientists alone to save the world. The morality of the future is not going to be decided by science, you can count on that. So who is going to provide moral education if the religions fail to do it?

Do your atheist parents have a thought on that subject?
 
I think the debate of a “creator” is very different than a debate about the nature of that creator and what it wants

The debate about God is different than the debate about a god doctrine supposedly revealed.
I could kiss you. But I won’t, don’t worry. What you say here is exactly what Thomas Aquinas, as well as the whole Church, has said. The question of God’s existence versus the question of God’s nature are two entirely different questions. The former is a philosophical question and the latter is strictly and solely a theological one (i.e. a thing wherein the answer lies in revealed truth).
Evolution…now that required a combination of observation and imagination. It’s why Darwin is considered so extrodinary(as are his contemporaries, including those within the faith of Islam that formulated a theory of evolution 800 years earlier than darwin…unbenownst to most people of the West)
Actually, there was even a Greek philosopher by the name of Empedocles who postulated the theory of evolution around the year 500 BC. Saint Augustine, in 500 AD, also seems to think about the possibility as well.
I don’t think respecting what science can and has achieved is predjudiced. I’m not sure where one would even come up with this idea.

Science is a dedication to truth, and at least for me quite an extrodinary achievment. Humans have an outstanding capacity to lie to ourselves. That we even created a system that would attempt to negative this capacity shows me how amazing human beings can really be. What we can and do give up, for the sake of something more(truth, love etc) is remarkable.

Science does not claim to know everything or anything for that matter. It is a search for truth following procedures that have been developed over time, to negate out tendancy to believe what we want.
Amen. I agree. What you say here is marvelous. However, I would say that “Science” in its more traditional usage dating from Aristotle until … sometime early 20th century maybe … the term has been used to mean "an organized body of knowledge." Nowadays, “science” just means the physical sciences. It used to include (and I would say that it still should be used this following way) systemized philosophy, theology, history, economics, etc. *So what you said above here, Dameedna, is true for all these other fields of knowledge. * Organizing knowledge in such a way is to deter our inclination and capacity to lie to ourselves. Amen. Aristotle would be kissing you right now too.

Would you agree Dameedna? Do you believe that there is systemizable knowledge other than the physical sciences? Would you not say, at least, philosophy and, perhaps, historiography? Or would you call these physical sciences as well?
 
Science and theories
Theory by its definition can not be found to be 100% valid. We can only confirm that is valid according to all tests we have made. One failed test and the theory is history.

This is the beauty of science: everything is based on facts and can be proved. No fairy tales.
Maybe … would you not say that part of the role of science is to come up with theories? That’s what scientists seem to do a lot. If so, then theories have their place in science. There are such things as Scientific Theories.
I think everyone knows all the good things science has done. The problem is that science is like any other human enterprise. It is as capable of evil as of good.



The role of science and technology in polluting the earth’s atmosphere is another very negative aspect of science. On balance, we may (or may not) wish someday that we had remained ignorant of fossil fuels.



What we do know is that we cannot rely on the good will of scientists alone to save the world. The morality of the future is not going to be decided by science, you can count on that. So who is going to provide moral education if the religions fail to do it?
I think what you are saying here is true. *Guns don’t kill people, people do. * That doesn’t mean guns are the problem. So given that guns aren’t the problem, should we rely on gun-makers for moral guidance on the use of guns? Just like how some people suggest we should rely on scientists (of the physical sciences) on the use of their science? Or should we listen to others knowledgeable of a different knowledge? Good question.
 
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