Okay, seriously, folks, we can do better than this for clarity.
Atheist: You used a derivation equation to indicate the absurdity of things changing and not changing, which is well (because if Heavenly life really presented such a contradiction then it WOULD be a problem) but it just REEKS of posing a question in deliberately obscure terms. Not even all atheists are mathematicians. And on the subject of mathematics, we speak of math in three ways: as it is in things (physics), as it is abstracted from things (Euclidean Mathematics) and as it is âabstractedâ (as it were) from the abstraction (Dedekindâs numbers, or any system of so-called âpure mathâ.) One is present in the particular manner that created things are (and God is not a created thing, by definition), the second is present in the manner that a triangle is said to be âa figure possessing three anglesâ without any reference to an actual âtriangularâ (that is, denominatively named) thing (which is present in the manner that an idea is present, which is a thing held in the mind, and God is not held in the mind (of manâŚthereâs some stuff to do with the way the Son proceeds that is rather trippy), being uncreated), and the third isnât present in reality except in the mind, and that questionably.
Now, God existing in reality, yet in an uncreated way, means math canât apply to him. Period. He is SO necessary that by definition, to try and number him is like trying to hold the complexity that exceeds the mind in the mind. The Trinity then becomes a mystery in its numerical aspect, because His simplicity being a consequence of His necessity combines with our inability to understand what is perfectly simple in terms of our complex modes of knowing.
How is there time? Not as we know. We would live in Godâs very Life, knowing Him with His mode of knowing, which is already pretty trippy. But from the removal of timeâs limits we come to understand eternity. Time, according to Aristotle, is âthe number of motion according to before and after.â It includes in this account succession, a beginning and end, and a âbefore and afterâ, all of which are not present in eternity since they are limits pertaining to changing things. Thus Thomas says that âeternity is known from two facts: first, because what is eternal is interminableâthat is, has no beginning or end (that is, no term either way); second, because eternity itself has no succession, being simultaneously whole.â
The mystery, so to speak, of eternity is we have NO way of thinking about it. Itâs simply beyond our comprehension. We are perfectly unable to conceive of âtimeâ without succession, before and after, beginning and end. We try thinking of absolute stillness, but even that is impossible; we live in a world of motion and sensation. So thereâs no time in that sense.
Bodily speaking, I havenât much to bring to the table, but Augustine did claim that the souls will be in their prime, bodily; my 80 year old grandmother will be once again a sprightly 20something (or maybe 33, Augustine claimed it was the perfect age) and those infants that die baptized (or unbaptized, maybe; Iâm not THAT crazy about everything he said) will probably find themselves in a distinctly different state.