Thank Itwin for such a comprehensive explanation. I understand your points except the last one. In some ways, “non-denominational” would be equal to “independent”, not having any supervisory oversight, whether doctrinal or administrative?
Yes, independent and non-denominational are synonymous. However, in the USA, it’s rare to hear someone say “my church is independent.” I’ve never heard a church described that way, but you always hear about how a church is a “non-denominational.”
Wouldn’t that mean it is rare for a church to be truly non-denominational? I would imagine that most pentecostal churches belong to some grouping/association of sorts.
There are lots of truly non-denominational churches out there. As for Pentecostals, many Pentecostal churches are part of denominations: Assemblies of God, Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), International Pentecostal Holiness Church, and the Foursquare Gospel Church being some of the major ones.
Yet, there are also Pentecostal churches who are not part of any denomination. For example, Jimmy Swaggart is a prominent Pentecostal televangelist. In the 1980s, he was prominent within the Assemblies of God, but he refused to submit to the General Council’s authority after the fall out of a sex scandal. He took his church, Family Worship Center of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, out of the Assemblies of God. Today, Family Worship Center describes itself as a “Full Gospel Interdenominational Church.” They certainly have relationships and connections with other ministers and churches, but it certainly doesn’t operate like a traditional denomination.
Another would be Bethel Church in Redding, California. It left the Assemblies of God and has spawned similar churches which may be said to form a “network”. However, it could be said to be non-denominational because it is not part of any denomination.
Would you know whether this term in limited to only the US or used internationally?
I don’t know enough about outside the US to say.
In my country, most pentecostal churches belong to the National Evangelical Churches Federation and the NECF come together with the Catholic Church and the Council of Churches Malaysia to form the Christian Federation of Malaysia. This is so that Christians can speak with one voice to our Muslim-based government on matters of joint Christian interest. Would that mean that Pentecostal churches in my country would not qualify as non-denominational (as int he US definition) as the NECF as an umbrella body similar to the Southern Baptist Convention?
Let’s be clear. The NECF is not a denomination. It represents Malaysia in the World Evangelical Alliance, the global partnership of evangelical churches. The USA has the National Association of Evangelicals and the UK has the Evangelical Alliance. These are not denominations, but they are national partnerships between different evangelical denominations.
The NECF’s website lists its membership as the following denominations:
Member churches of NECF include:
Assembly of God
Baptist Church
Brethren Church
Evangelical Free Church
Full Gospel Assembly
Full Gospel Tabernacle
Hope of God Church
Independent Churches
Latter Rain Church
Salvation Army
Sidang Injil Borneo Sabah
Sidang Injil Borneo Sarawak
Sidang Injil Borneo Semenanjung
Bible Seminaries
Para Churches
Others - Individual Churches from Mainline Denominations:Methodist, Presbyterian, etc.
Now, we have a number of different denominations represented. There are some Pentecostal/full gospel as well as the Wesleyan-Holiness, Baptist and the E-Free churches. Yet, they also accept “independent” (aka non-denominational churches) as members. Even more, a local church (such as one from a mainline denomination) can join the NECF even if its denomination is not a member.
The SBC is different from the NECF. The NECF, as stated above, is a partnership of many different denominations. The SBC is a denomination within itself. While the SBC cannot legally force a local church to enact certain policies, it can and does exclude churches who violate SBC beliefs and practices.