This question is really too big. You ought to visit a few websites about each of these churches and start to piece this together yourself.
Or, consult a few books on the history of Christianity.
To focus on doctrinal issues alone is a mistake, a total mistake. I believe that personalities and emotions are deeply involved.
For example, the Roman church sacked the eastern city of Constantinople on the way to the crusades, if I recall correctly. The Orthodox are still really mad about that. Don’t kid yourself, it’s all personal.
The Orthodox Church split over what appears to be a doctrinal dispute about the “filioque” == this refers to the Nicene Creed which has that line about the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father “and the Son” (" filioque"). The issue is not the line so much, although it is a deep theological problem, but the problem is that the Roman church added that one Latin word to the Nicene Creed without consulting the Easter Church.
And, you see, the problem goes way back to the Nicene Creed itself. As I understand (Read Garry Wills “Why I am a Catholic”), the Nicene Creed was developed at the council of Nicea, to which the Roman representatives were not even invited. Perhaps the Nicene Creed was not known in Rome until maybe 25 years after the Council, and they had to beg the Greeks for the manuscripts of what was decided there. (Wills is a historian and Pulitzer Prize winning author “Lincoln at Gettysburg” .)
So, that was a feud that was brewing for many hundreds of years.
The Protestant reformation is much like that. The PBS series on Luther (or maybe it was the History Channel) shows how Luther was a very docile priest in Germany. He wanted to discuss some matters and so went to Rome and was totally scandalized about what he saw there. He saw oppulence and decadence in the Church compared to the austerity of his own circumstances as a priest in a disciplined religious order. He started simply to take matters into his own hands, as undoubtedly he thought he should. The problems in the Church were real, and they had been known for a couple hundred years. Luther was just the wrong guy to cross. The Protestant reformation was a revolt against the doctrinal, political, financial, social, and spiritual control of Rome.
As you may notice, Luther separated the Bible and the Church, which Catholics believe is fundamentally wrong == they are inseparable. So, Luther sits down and translates the bible from the original languages (as opposed to the Roman Vulgate) and away we go. We’ve got “the bible alone” (sola scriptura) and the whole nine yards. The whole thing launches off more on the declaration of political independence from Rome. It is no accident that the French Revolution was so anti-clerical, based on the ideas that were set into action by Luther. Notice people who supposedly know say how irreligious Europe is today. The Reformation is still doing its damage today.