As a founder, I take issue with some of the negative responses in this thread. One lives the life themselves, then, if the Lord wants one to have companions, He will send them when ready. Yes, canon law has the guidelines, but they are scattered all over the canon, so some folks have kindly pulled everything together. And no, you don’t have to have a canonist in tow. That comes later, and they go through making sure everything written and practiced is in conformity with canon law. They also go through and place the applicable canons after each paragraph in the constitutions.
I received from a canonist what I have come to term the “Seven Pillars of New Foundations”. They are:
Rule
Constitutions
Formation Program
Horarium
Remunerative work
Stable Source of Habit Parts
Three or four founding members
New communities help the local bishop meet the needs in his pastoral plan.
The late Fr. Gambari, in his book on founding communities, said “there is no blueprint” for making a new foundation. My organization has started a founder’s support group called the Fullerton Society, and I can attest to the different ways that the Lord helps new communities come to pass.
As a side note, an early church council forbade the foundation of “new Orders” – those are the groups with solemn vows like the Dominicans, Norbertines, etc. Colloquially speaking, I am a married woman “founding a new order.” Even Protestants understand that phrase.
The OP asked about historical orders.
St Dominic founded his Order of Preachers to combat the Albigensians. He was already a Canon Regular. There was a definite need for itinerant preachers.
St Francis felt called to imitate the Poor Christ, and, goodness, the vocations he received!
Other orders were founded as a result of visions.
If there are more questions, I will do my best to answer.
Blessings,
Mrs Cloisters OP
Lay Dominican
http://cloisters.tripod.com/
http://cloisters.tripod.com/charity/ (my “new order”)
http://cloisters.tripod.com/holyangels/id9.html (my online lay Dominican group)