It would have to be around the time of a great feast, which would explain the troble getting a room at the “inn” Bathlehem is, after all, not far from Jerusalem.
I’ve heard that translating the word ‘
katalyma’ as ‘inn’ is supposedly not the best translation of the word. It kind of makes sense, as:
1.) Inns in the ancient world were used by merchants, prostitutes, and others who had absolutely no ties or roots to speak of. Joseph and his wife Mary came to Bethlehem in the region of Judea since that was his ancestral place. Thus, instead, Joseph would have ‘checked in’ with the house of a distant relative (in keeping with Middle Eastern custom), who would have offered them room, even if that meant that the host would sleep on the floor.
2.) Bethlehem was not near a major Roman road, so there is no reason to think that there would have been an inn there. With the population of Bethlehem in this period estimated at around 1,000 inhabitants (only about 2-3 times bigger than Nazareth, which is estimated to have had 200-400 residents at this time), and no ‘highway’ nearby, the existence of a commercial inn seems unlikely.
3.) When Luke speaks of a commercial inn, as he does in 10:36, he uses a different word,
pandokheion. The only other place where he uses
katalyma (the word translated here as ‘inn’) is in 22:11, where it refers to the upper room, which is clearly not an ‘inn’. The word can also mean ‘lodging’ or ‘guest room’ – in fact, this is a more usual meaning for it than ‘inn’.
Thus, we can reconstruct the birth of Jesus as:
Joseph and Mary went to the house of distant relatives. When the time came for the birth, Mary delivered her firstborn, a son, Jesus, in a stable (which their relatives may have owned).
Why were these guests were not staying in the guest room as is common? Luke immediately informs his reader that: ‘
because there was no room for them’. Since the guest room was probably very crowded by other kinsmen who came with Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem because of the Census, Joseph and Mary had no choice but to stay on their relatives’ barn (
phatne), giving birth to the Son of God in that humble location.