This is a late response, but I had asked the same question myself. What surprised me and delighted me was the extensive use of the Psalms in Matthew 5 to 8, the Sermon on the mount. (Note my verse numbering is from the Hebrew - may differ by 1 from the English). references in the Jerusalem Bible study version 1962 are extensive.
Matthew 5:4, Psalm 37:11,
5:5 - 126:5,
5:8 - 24:4,
5:9 - 34:15,
5:34 - 11:4, 48:2,
6:4 - 139:2-3,
6:19,24 - 62:10,
6:26 - 147:9 (feeding the raven);
7:23 - 5:5, 6:8 and so on.
The words of Jesus are extensively salted with references to the Psalms. Note that if you read the Epistle to the Hebrews, you will find the Psalms used for 98% of the conversation between the Father and the Son in that Epistle - astonishing really - The implications for the theology of Israel and our own theology and Christology are extensive. This usage is Hebrews is as follows:
The usage of the psalms in Hebrews:
2:7, Hb 1:5,
5:5; 8:5-7, Hb 2:6-9;
22:23, Hb 2:12;
40:6-8, Hb 10:5-7;
45:7-8, Hb 1:8-9;
50:14, Hb 13:15;
56:11, Hb 13:6;
95:7-11, Hb 3:7-11, 15, 4:7, 4:3-5;
97:7, Hb 1:6;
102:25-26; Hb 1:10-12;
104:4, Hb 1:7;
110:4, Hb 5:6,
7:17, 21; 118:6, Hb 13:6;
135:14, Hb 10:30. (From MacDonald Seeing the Psalter p.305, Energion 2013, copied with permission)