What were the responsibilities of the minor orders?

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I’m trying to understand what the minor orders did.

Acolyte Basically servers?

Exorcist So a non-ordained seminarian could perform exorcisms without a priest?
**
Porter/Doorman** I have no clue what they did

Lector I thought the proclamation of the readings were reserved to those in the major orders.
 
I’m trying to understand what the minor orders did.

Acolyte Basically servers?

Exorcist So a non-ordained seminarian could perform exorcisms without a priest?
**
Porter/Doorman** I have no clue what they did

Lector I thought the proclamation of the readings were reserved to those in the major orders.
Porter/doorman: in a religious community, such as a monastery:
At the gate of the monastery
let there be placed a wise old man,
who knows how to receive and to give a message,
and whose maturity will prevent him from straying about.
This porter should have a room near the gate,
so that those who come may always find someone at hand
to attend to their business.
And as soon as anyone knocks or a poor person hails him,
let him answer “Thanks be to God” or “A blessing!”
Then let him attend to them promptly,
with all the meekness inspired by the fear of God
and with the warmth of charity.
Should the porter need help,
let him have one of the younger brothers.
If it can be done,
the monastery should be so established
that all the necessary things,
such as water, mill, garden and various workshops,
may be within the enclosure,
so that there is no necessity
for the brothers to go about outside of it,
since that is not at all profitable for their souls.
We desire that this Rule be read often in the community,
so that none of the brothers may excuse himself
on the ground of ignorance.
(Rule of St. Benedict, chapter 66)

Lector: the lector as I understand it was not for the Gospel reading but for the Epistle.

No idea about the exorcist, I think they now call them shrinks :D. The acolyte did indeed serve, carry candles in the procession, etc.
 
There’s a Google Book entitled Handbook to Christian and Ecclesiastical Rome: The Christian monuments of Rome which goes into some detail:

Page 530-531:
The lowest grade of *order *is the ostiarius or doorkeeper, first mentioned in Rome with reference to S. Laurence’s martyr-companion Romanus. This function was anciently performed by the deacons and deaconesses, and does not appear to have been ever accepted in the East as a separate order. Even in Rome the ostiarii were replaced from the vi. century by the socalled *mansionarii, *lay sacristans or vergers.
Wikipedia states, “The porter had in ancient times the duty of opening and closing the church-door and of guarding the church; especially of ensuring no unbaptised persons would enter during the Eucharist. Later on, the Porter would also guard, open and close the doors of the Sacristy, Baptistry and elsewhere in the church.”

Page 528:
The lector’s is, after the diaconate, the oldest of the ecclesiastical orders, though to-day the acolyte and exorcist rank before him. He is ordained by placing a Lectionary in his hands. He used to chant the Lessons, and has power to bless bread and the fruits of the earth. This order is practically non-existent in the West to-day.
In the early Church the lector was a person of much importance. Even some of the bishops could neither read nor write, and the Lector read the subject which was to be preached. There was a special Lector or Reader in Rome as early as the ii. century. We know that in early times reading and expounding or preaching — reading and *prophecy *— were closely interwoven: the prayer for the imposition of hands on the Lector, in the Apostolical Constitutions, expressly asks for him “Thy Holy Spirit, the prophetic Spirit”; and the Readers were compared to the prophets.
Wikipedia states, “In the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the term “lector” is used in preference to that of “reader”. The term can mean someone who in a particular liturgy is assigned to read a Biblical text other than the Gospel. (Reading the Gospel at Mass is reserved specifically to the deacon or, in his absence, to the priest.) But it also has the more precise meaning of a person who has been “instituted” (or, in some cases, “ordained”) as a lector, and so is a lector even when not assigned to read in a specific liturgy. This is the meaning in which the term is used in this article.”

Page 530:
The exorcist appears in Rome as *ordo *at the same time as the acolyte. But there can be no doubt that exorcism was originally a *charisma. " *In my name he shall cast out demons " was regarded as a sign following “those that believe,” like gifts of healing, or immunity from perils. We see both currents acting in the VIII. Book of the Apostolical Constitutions: “An exorcist is not ordained. For it is a trial … of the Grace of God . . . through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. . . . but if there be occasion for him, *let him be ordained, *a bishop, or a presbyter, or a deacon.” But while in Rome the exorcist became *ordo, *in the East the office continued to be a miraculous one. To the Roman exorcist were given numerous functions in solemn baptism, functions which the Gregorian Sacramentary, as well as the ordos of the viii. and ix. centuries, show us were then performed by acolytes. To-day priests fill the office of exorcist.
Wikipedia states, “At the time this order was formally defined and confined exclusively to exorcism of the catechumen in the rite of Baptism, leaving exorcisms of demons to priests; but its role was later expanded.”

Page 529:
The special business of the acolyte is to carry lights; this is expressed in his ordination where many beautiful texts relating to the light of good works and of truth are rehearsed to him. He is the assistant of the deacon in the ministry of the altar. In the early ages of the Church it was by the hands of his acolytes that Innocent I sent the Host to the parish priests on Sunday; and in the ix. century the acolytes still brought the consecrated bread from the altar to the bishops and priests in little bags for the rite of the Fraction
Wikipedia states, “Before August 15, 1972 (with the issuing of Pope Paul VI’s motu proprio, suppressing the minor orders) the acolyte was the highest of the minor orders, having as duties the lighting of the altar-candles, carrying the candles in procession, assisting the subdeacon and deacon, and the ministering of water and wine to the priest at Mass.”

Hope this helps!
 
I’m trying to understand what the minor orders did.

Acolyte Basically servers?

Exorcist So a non-ordained seminarian could perform exorcisms without a priest?
**
Porter/Doorman** I have no clue what they did

Lector I thought the proclamation of the readings were reserved to those in the major orders.
There are still six orders in Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholicism, three minor and three major. In ascending order they are:

Minor Orders
  • Acolyte
  • Reader
  • Sub-deacon
Major Orders
  • Deacon
  • Priest/Presbyter
  • Bishop
As to their roles, the reader is responsible for reading the Epistle during the liturgy. Here is a video of an Epistle reading from an Eastern Catholic parish.

Link

Notice the reader in the black cassock in the center of the church. After the Epistle the Gospel is brought to the center of the church and is proclaimed by the deacon.

The role of the doorkeeper was to prevent non-Christians from entering during the service and to make sure all the catechumens left prior to the Eucharistic liturgy. In fact there are still vestiges of that practice today in the Liturgy of St John Chrysostom with a specific command for the catechumens to leave and later for the doors to be shut just prior to the recitation of the Creed.

“All catechumens, depart. Depart, catechumens. All that are catechumens, depart. Let no catechumens remain. Let us, the faithful, again and again in peace pray unto the Lord."

And later…

“The doors! The doors! In wisdom let us attend!”

At that point the doorkeepers would do precisely what the command says, close and guard the doors so that only the faithful were allowed in during the Eucharist.

In Christ
Joe
 
The east also has some particular churches which ordain candle bearers separately from acolyte, and a few which ordain cantors separately from readers.

It should be noted that since the moto proprio abolishing the minor orders within the Roman Church, Roman Acolytes and Lectors still exist, but are installed rather than ordained, and not considered minor-clerics/clerks, and also that Acolytes may be termed Subdeacons, and may perform all the duties of the Subdeacon.
 
The orders, such as the FSSP and ICRSS, who ordain men according to the EF, retain the minor orders and the subdiaconate. They have no standing canonically, but they do within the work of those orders. Subdeacons, in keeping with the ancient custom, are styled “The Rev. Mr. _______.”
 
I think I understand the porter and the acolyte. I’m still a little confused on the exorcist and the lector.

So the exorcist couldn’t exorcise demons. What then could he do? Perhaps exorcise the salt during a Baptism?

I don’t see a lector reading any Biblical texts during the Mass. Perhaps outside the Mass, maybe during Vespers or something. Also, was the lector allowed to intone the Exultet at the Easter Vigil?
 
I think I understand the porter and the acolyte. I’m still a little confused on the exorcist and the lector.

So the exorcist couldn’t exorcise demons. What then could he do? Perhaps exorcise the salt during a Baptism?

I don’t see a lector reading any Biblical texts during the Mass. Perhaps outside the Mass, maybe during Vespers or something. Also, was the lector allowed to intone the Exultet at the Easter Vigil?
Did you read my post? The lector (or reader) reads the Old Testament and Epistle readings during the liturgy. Apparently that is not the case in the Latin Rite anymore but it’s still the practice in the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

In Christ
Joe
 
Did you read my post? The lector (or reader) reads the Old Testament and Epistle readings during the liturgy. Apparently that is not the case in the Latin Rite anymore but it’s still the practice in the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

In Christ
Joe
I understand, but I’m talking about the functions of the Lector in the Latin Church. In the Roman Rite, there was just an Epistle and a Gospel, which only the priest or deacon could read.
 
I understand, but I’m talking about the functions of the Lector in the Latin Church. In the Roman Rite, there was just an Epistle and a Gospel, which only the priest or deacon could read.
Are you sure that was always the case? I would be willing to bet that the ancient Roman rites (remember, there were numerous rites prior to Trent) reflected the practice of the lector/reader reading the Epistle that the Eastern liturgies have maintained.

In Christ
Joe
 
Remember that there is not only the Mass, but the Divine Office. Lectors chanted the lessons in the Office, as well as the lessons and prophecies at Ember Days, Vigils, etc. The lector never sang the Exultet, as that was the deacon’s part, but he would sing the prophecies.
 
Remember that there is not only the Mass, but the Divine Office. Lectors chanted the lessons in the Office, as well as the lessons and prophecies at Ember Days, Vigils, etc. The lector never sang the Exultet, as that was the deacon’s part, but he would sing the prophecies.
Ya, I had thought the Exultet part. Anyway, after making my other post I remembered about the Ember Days and Divine Office.

So now all that’s left is the Exorcist. I’m still really confused on his role.
 
Ya, I had thought the Exultet part. Anyway, after making my other post I remembered about the Ember Days and Divine Office.

So now all that’s left is the Exorcist. I’m still really confused on his role.
From the Catholic Encyclopedia.

During the first centuries all the lessons in the liturgy, including the Epistle and Gospel, were read by the lector. Cornelius I (251-53) in a letter to Fabius of Antioch mentions that the Church of Rome has forty-two acolytes and fifty-two exorcists, readers and doorkeepers…But gradually the lectorate lost all importance. The deacon obtained the office of reading the Gospel; in the West the Epistle became the privilege of the subdeacon. In the Eastern Churches this and other lessons are still supposed to be read by a lector, but everywhere his office (as all minor orders) may be supplied by a layman.

Link

So just like I said the Eastern liturgies have retained the ancient practice of having the lector/reader read the Epistle and that the Roman rite abandoned that practice at some point. You asked what were the roles of the minor orders and that was the role.

In Christ
Joe
 
The orders, such as the FSSP and ICRSS, who ordain men according to the EF, retain the minor orders and the subdiaconate. They have no standing canonically, but they do within the work of those orders. Subdeacons, in keeping with the ancient custom, are styled “The Rev. Mr. _______.”
Actually, the subdeacons and lectors are considered duly instituted acolytes and instituted lectors.
 
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