B
Booklover
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And very “peaceful” as well!There’s really only the example of 4 caliphs, all of whom happened to be Companions of the Prophet, each of them being legitimate scholars and jurists in their own right.
Actions of the 4 “Rightly Guided” Caliphs
ABU BAKR’S REIGN
A.H. 11 (622, 623) Abu Bakr makes war upon the people of Yamana who wish to leave Islam.
A.H. 12 Muslim armies attack the Christians in Palestine.
UMAR’S REIGN
A.H. 13 Conquest of Damascus, Syria.
A.H. 14 & 15 Syria and Palestine conquered.
A.H. 15 – 21 Iraq, Southern Persia, and Egypt conquered.
UTHMAN’S REIGN
A.H. 24 Conquest in Northern Persia and Armenia.
A.H. 28 Attack on Cyprus.
ALI’S REIGN
During Ali’s reign there were two civil wars. The first Islamic civil war occurred between Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, and Aisha, Abu Bakr’s daughter (a child Muhammad consummated a marriage with when she was 9 years old). 13,000 Muslims died killing each other as Ali defeated Aisha. Not long thereafter Ali fought Muwawiyya, Abu Sufyan’s son. Muwawiyya was appointed governor of Damascus / Syria, and moved against Ali to take power. In the end, Ali won out as the two sides negotiated a peace of some sorts. Not long afterwards, Ali was murdered by Muslims, as was Uthman prior to him, and also Umar who was killed by a slave. In any case, after the ‘rightly guided Caliphs had all met untimely violent deaths through murder and assassination, Muwawiyya then assumed power as Caliph.
As you can tell from that brief chronological summary, the Caliphs made war as aggressively as any conquering nation or people in human history. They went on conquest after conquest. The message the rightly guided leaders imposed with the sword at their hands was the same as Muhammad’s: convert, pay extortion taxes, or die. Islam, real Islam, their Islam, was a religion of war, oppression, and conquest.
Vickie