If you are a Latin Rite Catholic in the United States, then you need to attend Mass on all Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation. The following Canon, in the Code of Canon Law, addresses how to fulfill this obligation for Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation.
“Can. 1248 §1. A person who assists at a Mass celebrated anywhere in a Catholic rite either on the feast day itself or in the evening of the preceding day satisfies the obligation of participating in the Mass.”
Keep in mind that attending a Vigil Mass/Mass of Anticipation on the evening of the preceding day fulfills the obligation to attend Mass for a Sunday or a Holy Day of Obligation (In case you cannot make it to Mass on the day of, itself).
Every Sunday is technically a Holy Day of Obligation.
In the United States, there are six Holy Days of Obligation (days that Catholics are obligated to go to Mass, in addition to the Sunday obligation) (These rules have been established by the (The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops) USCCB):
- The Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (The Patronal Feast of the United States) (December 8/9): Since the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, is the Patroness of the United States, the obligation to attend Mass for the Immaculate Conception remains, if December 8 NATURALLY falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday. In short, the Immaculate Conception is ALWAYS a Holy Day of Obligation, WHENEVER it is observed on December 8.
However, there is one small caveat. If December 8 falls on a Sunday (which would be on a Sunday of Advent), then at all of the weekend Masses (Saturday evening (4 p.m. or after) and Sunday (December 7/8)), the Sunday of Advent is celebrated (i.e., The Sunday of Advent takes liturgical precedence over the Immaculate Conception). As a result, the Immaculate Conception MUST be transferred over to the next day (Monday, December 9), but the obligation is NOT transferred over with it. It is when this occurs, and ONLY when this occurs, that the obligation to attend Mass for the Immaculate Conception is dispensed for a particular year (Moreover, this is the ONLY instance, where the Immaculate Conception is transferred to a day outside of its natural date of observance).
- The Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas) (December 25): Regardless of which day of the week it falls on, The Nativity of the Lord (Christmas), December 25, is ALWAYS a Holy Day of Obligation.
- The Solemnity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Holy Mother of God (January 1)
- The Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord (The Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter/The Seventh Sunday of Easter): In the ecclesiastical provinces (A region of dioceses that consist of an archdiocese, along with a cluster of smaller dioceses that are geographically associated with the archdiocese) of Boston, Hartford, New York, Newark, Omaha, and Philadelphia, the Ascension continues to be observed on the proper Thursday (Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter), and is ALWAYS observed as a Holy Day of Obligation in these provinces.
The Ascension is observed on the Seventh Sunday of Easter, everywhere else in the United States. Hence, the Ascension carries the regular Sunday obligation in the rest of the United States (outside of the 6 previously mentioned provinces).
Either way, the Ascension ALWAYS holds an obligation of Mass attendance.
- The Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 15)
- The Solemnity of All Saints (November 1)
- The Saturday-or-Monday Rule: If January 1 (Mary, the Mother of God), August 15 (the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), or November 1 (All Saints) falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday, then the obligation to attend Mass for the Holy Day is dispensed for that particular year.
However, if either December 8 or December 25 falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday, then you MUST attend Mass twice: You must attend one Mass for the Holy Day, as well as another Mass for the preceding/following Sunday. In short, attending only one Mass CANNOT fulfill both obligations.
If a Holy Day of Obligation’s natural date of observance falls on a Sunday (with the exception of the Immaculate Conception and the Ascension (in those provinces that continue to observe it on the proper Thursday)), then the obligation to attend Mass for the Holy Day coincides with the Sunday obligation, and there is only one Mass that you would need to attend.
There are four Holy Days of Obligation that may hold an obligation in other countries, but the Bishops in the United States have either transferred to Sundays or have suppressed the obligations, altogether:
x 1. The Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord
Traditional Date: January 6
Transferred to: The Sunday after January 1 (Mary, the Mother of God)
o 2. The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, the Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary (March 19)
Obligation suppressed
x 3. The Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ (Corpus Christi)
Traditional Date: The Thursday after the Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity (i.e., Holy Trinity Sunday (The Sunday after Pentecost))
Transferred to: The Sunday after Holy Trinity Sunday
o 4. The Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, the Apostles (June 29)
Obligation suppressed
I know that this seems like a quite thorough explanation about Mass attendance, but it should be sufficient for any Catholic of the Latin Rite in the United States to know about when they need to attend Mass. I hope that helps.
Pax Vobiscum,
Herbert Cruz