When are children required to attend Mass

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*Originally Posted by Don Ruggero
God bless you. Teaching today is a great challenge – and you have what has to be the hardest age group, in my experience. I am guessing we are talking about children in the age range of 12-14? It is a bit extraordinary to have children that age who have not received first penance and first Communion…at least in my experience.

This matter, though, has to be handled with a maximum of pastoral sensitivity and discretion. A child of the age you indicate normally would be fulfilling the Mass obligation by attending with their parent(s) or other relative. Children that age may or may not be able to betake themselves to Mass on their own. There are circumstances and places where it is feasible and even normal but there are other circumstances and places in the world where it is absolutely not. And, even in those places where it is possible, it could only happen if the parents make allowance for it.

A parent or older sibling or relative or someone who is responsible would have to accompany the child to Mass in many parts of the world. If such persons cannot or will not and the caregiver for the child will not make some provision, one cannot impute moral guilt for a failure to fulfill the Sunday obligation to a child of that age and in such circumstances.

I can only speak to where I have ministered as a priest. I don’t even know what country you are in or what the situation of your parish is. It is one thing to be in a city, town or village where the church is a short walk away and another to be in the countryside where the parish may require traversing miles.

I can say that as far as participation in the parish’s religious education program and concurrent attendance at Mass, this is a discussion that has to occur, ultimately, between the parents and the parish priest since the parish priest is not only the one who has the cura animarum for both the parents and the children, he is the determiner for admitting or declining to admit to the sacraments of penance, Eucharist and Confirmation.

Have you spoken to either the director of the program for which you are teaching or with the priests or deacon of your parish for guidance and also to alert them to this situation?
*
IF you’re really a priest (my apologies but who can know for sure?) then I’d just like to make this comment.

My priest had everyone receive both the sacrament of reconciliation and communion. He thought that it was not correct to marginalize any one child - his exact words.

I live in a different country and plus do not expect you to comment on this, however, I do think this type of thinking is wrong because it tends to remove the importance of sacraments - especially in the eyes of the parents who know less than their children do by the age of 12/13, I’m sorry to say.

I do feel that their faith needs to be learned and that when there is understanding (suitable to the age) then the sacrament should be administered - otherwise it loses all meaning.

There were other catechists who agreed with this position. It seems to be a general belief here, and not only of this one priest. We’ve tried so many different approaches and, alas, nothing seems to work here. Atheism and non-practicing catholics reign supreme - only the Holy Spirit will be able to convict those that are open to Him.

Fran
I’m happy to comment; I fear it won’t be very satisfying.

Your quote is a specific point to the lady asking the original question. Since she’s a new catechist, the most reliable solution of how to proceed in this set of circumstances is her parish priest. He knows the situation of his parish, his parishioners, and what is the normative expectation for sacramental preparation regarding both universal law as well as particular law governing that diocese – and how he addresses, under the bishop and with his pastoral team, the situation she confronts. (She is not the first in that parish to confront this.)

IF you’re really a catechist (my apologies but who can know for sure?) 🙂 then surely when you were first teaching, you implemented what was the norm for the parish rather than making it up as you went, reaching decisions on your own, or having people, even from other countries, tell you what they think you should do when they do not even know where you are. Relying on the counsel of one’s own pastor and bishop is preferable to polling people not acquainted with the actual situation, circumstances, challenges and possibilities of a given parish in a given diocese. If I were her parish priest, my answer would be: ask me.

As to the situation of your priest and his bishop…well, that’s not my situation with my bishop. Your priest answers to his bishop and to God.

My decisions were never by fiat. They rested upon the application to particular situations of the Code of Canon Law and the particular law that had been enacted by the bishop for the diocese. For that I was accountable to the bishop for my stewardship. I could not impose more than the law demanded. (I did not want to!) But neither could I fail to apply what I was directed to.

In every way, I sought to find the most pastoral and satisfactory resolutions, above all in administering the sacraments to those requesting them and especially in favour of children. When I had latitude and discretion and determined that the situation merited it, I applied it. But, ultimately, I had to account to the diocese’s shepherd, my bishop, to whom I had promised obedience. If I didn’t apply the norms correctly, I was subject to correction – justifiably.

Denying a sacrament in any circumstance is one of the most difficult and disturbing discernments a priest has to make. It’s always painful. There were many provisions and accommodations available for use but, ultimately, I had to affirm that what needed to be there to proceed had reason and value.
 
*
Originally Posted by Don Ruggero

I’m happy to comment; I fear it won’t be very satisfying.

Your quote is a specific point to the lady asking the original question. Since she’s a new catechist, the most reliable solution of how to proceed in this set of circumstances is her parish priest. He knows the situation of his parish, his parishioners, and what is the normative expectation for sacramental preparation regarding both universal law as well as particular law governing that diocese – and how he addresses, under the bishop and with his pastoral team, the situation she confronts. (She is not the first in that parish to confront this.)

IF you’re really a catechist (my apologies but who can know for sure?) 🙂 then surely when you were first teaching, you implemented what was the norm for the parish rather than making it up as you went, reaching decisions on your own, or having people, even from other countries, tell you what they think you should do when they do not even know where you are. Relying on the counsel of one’s own pastor and bishop is preferable to polling people not acquainted with the actual situation, circumstances, challenges and possibilities of a given parish in a given diocese. If I were her parish priest, my answer would be: ask me.

As to the situation of your priest and his bishop…well, that’s not my situation with my bishop. Your priest answers to his bishop and to God.

My decisions were never by fiat. They rested upon the application to particular situations of the Code of Canon Law and the particular law that had been enacted by the bishop for the diocese. For that I was accountable to the bishop for my stewardship. I could not impose more than the law demanded. (I did not want to!) But neither could I fail to apply what I was directed to.

In every way, I sought to find the most pastoral and satisfactory resolutions, above all in administering the sacraments to those requesting them and especially in favour of children. When I had latitude and discretion and determined that the situation merited it, I applied it. But, ultimately, I had to account to the diocese’s shepherd, my bishop, to whom I had promised obedience. If I didn’t apply the norms correctly, I was subject to correction – justifiably.

Denying a sacrament in any circumstance is one of the most difficult and disturbing discernments a priest has to make. It’s always painful. There were many provisions and accommodations available for use but, ultimately, I had to affirm that what needed to be there to proceed had reason and value.*

I thank you for replying. Your IF comment to my being a catechist made me smile. I found your reply to be very satisfying, in fact.

Without rereading my post, I’m sure I said that children have to come to KNOW Christ and especially as a friend and then we also need to teach them HOW to follow Him.

Of course your second pp is correct and hope I didn’t give the impression that the parish priest is not responsible for catechesis in the parish. I was just expressing some concerns. Just for clarification, I live in Italy now and have had to stop teaching catechism to children - which I miss very much. It was evangelization, it was transmitting my faith, it was watching them grow to understand more and more (but some never did), it was the amazement at answers some gave for questions, some truly had Jesus in their heart and it was very edifying for me.

Can I say that the priests here are not in agreement over the question of who should receive the sacraments. I mean in different parishes, same Bishop. Some feel as I do - that there should be some sign of acceptance, some sign of understanding our faith, some sign of understanding what sin is, for example. Many children think they’ve never sinned and it takes many lessons to explain sin. Just telling them it’s an offense against God will not do it, as I’m sure you’ll agree. I used to like to explain the difference between confession and reconciliation. So this is one way of thinking of it.

The other way is how my priest thought of this. Sacraments impart grace and no child should be deprived of this. No child should feel like he’s being “left out” of receiving a sacrament when his little friends and school mates are. The parents will be upset and will not really understand why. A child will not understand transubstantiation any better than when he’s 9 or 10, unless he’ll really desire to learn as an adult. There doesn’t seem to be a consensus here regarding this. But that’s not our problem here.

So there are two different ways of understanding this. Also, I did not realize at the beginning that we were speaking of a different culture here. But that’s okay too - I’m also in a different culture! I can assure you that I did NOT depend on counsel of others. How to know if they’re right? I’m rather shocked at some advice given on these threads. I’m not too sure I’d like serving a God that is portrayed here at times. I know God is good and also just, but I doubt He’s just waiting to shower us with His wrath. I believe in grace, myself. Many times I tell posters to ask their priest - even when it’s something we can’t agree on. Who can know better?? I do, however, stand firm in my belief that Jesus will get me to heaven and that I certainly will not be able to get there under my own steam. Some understand this and some don’t. I met Jesus when I was 28 (not in a vision!) - it changed my life and my way of thinking of religion. I understand it to be a relationship. Some say I’m a bit not catholic, which is interesting because Don Giovanni would be pretty shocked!

Anyway. Thanks for your time. I believe you’re a priest - and I USED to be a catechist! 🙂

In Christ,
Fran
 
If you are a Latin Rite Catholic in the United States, then you need to attend Mass on all Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation. The following Canon, in the Code of Canon Law, addresses how to fulfill this obligation for Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation.

“Can. 1248 §1. A person who assists at a Mass celebrated anywhere in a Catholic rite either on the feast day itself or in the evening of the preceding day satisfies the obligation of participating in the Mass.”

Keep in mind that attending a Vigil Mass/Mass of Anticipation on the evening of the preceding day fulfills the obligation to attend Mass for a Sunday or a Holy Day of Obligation (In case you cannot make it to Mass on the day of, itself).

Every Sunday is technically a Holy Day of Obligation.

In the United States, there are six Holy Days of Obligation (days that Catholics are required to attend Mass, in addition to the Sunday obligation) (These rules have been established by the (The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops) USCCB):
  1. The Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (The Patronal Feast of the United States) (December 8/9): Since the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, is the Patroness of the United States, the obligation to attend Mass for the Immaculate Conception remains, if December 8 NATURALLY falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday. In short, the Immaculate Conception is ALWAYS a Holy Day of Obligation, WHENEVER it is observed on December 8.
However, there is one small caveat. If December 8 falls on a Sunday (which would be on a Sunday of Advent), then at all of the weekend Masses (Saturday evening (4 p.m. or after) and Sunday (December 7/8)), the Sunday of Advent is celebrated (i.e., The Sunday of Advent takes liturgical precedence over the Immaculate Conception). As a result, the Immaculate Conception MUST be transferred over to the next day (Monday, December 9), but the obligation to attend Mass is NOT transferred over with it. It is when this occurs, and ONLY when this occurs, that the obligation to attend Mass for the Immaculate Conception is dispensed for a particular year (Moreover, this is the ONLY instance, where the Immaculate Conception is transferred to a day outside of its natural date of observance).
  1. The Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas) (December 25): Regardless of which day of the week it falls on, The Nativity of the Lord (Christmas), December 25, is ALWAYS a Holy Day of Obligation.
    1. The Solemnity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Holy Mother of God (January 1)
  1. The Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord (The Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter/The Seventh Sunday of Easter): In the ecclesiastical provinces (A region of dioceses that consist of an archdiocese, along with a cluster of smaller dioceses that are geographically associated with the archdiocese) of Boston, Hartford, New York, Newark, Omaha, and Philadelphia, the Ascension continues to be observed on the proper Thursday (the Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter), and is ALWAYS observed as a Holy Day of Obligation in these provinces.
The Ascension is observed on the Seventh Sunday of Easter, everywhere else in the United States. Hence, the Ascension carries the regular Sunday obligation in the rest of the United States (outside of the six previously mentioned provinces).

Either way, the Ascension ALWAYS holds an obligation of Mass attendance.
    1. The Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 15)
    1. The Solemnity of All Saints (November 1)
  • The Saturday-or-Monday Rule: If January 1 (Mary, the Mother of God), August 15 (the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), or November 1 (All Saints) falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday, then the obligation to attend Mass for the Holy Day is dispensed for that particular year. This rule ONLY applies to these three Holy Days of Obligation.
However, if either December 8 or December 25 falls either on a Saturday or on a Monday, then you MUST attend Mass twice: You must attend one Mass for the Holy Day, as well as another Mass for the preceding/following Sunday. In short, attending only one Mass CANNOT fulfill both obligations.

If a Holy Day of Obligation’s natural date of observance falls on a Sunday (with the exception of the Immaculate Conception and the Ascension (in those provinces that continue to observe it on the proper Thursday)), then the obligation to attend Mass for the Holy Day coincides with the Sunday obligation, and there is only one Mass that you would need to attend.

There are four Holy Days of Obligation that may hold an obligation in other countries, but the Bishops in the United States have either transferred to Sundays or have suppressed the obligations, altogether:

x 1. The Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord

Traditional Date: January 6

Transferred To: The Sunday after January 1 (Mary, the Mother of God) (anywhere from January 2-8)

o 2. The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, the Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary (March 19)

Obligation Suppressed

x 3. The Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ (Corpus Christi)

Traditional Date: The Thursday after the Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity (i.e., Holy Trinity Sunday (The Sunday after Pentecost))

Transferred To: The Sunday after Holy Trinity Sunday

o 4. The Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, the Apostles (June 29)

Obligation Suppressed

I know that this seems like a quite thorough explanation about Mass attendance, but it should be sufficient for any Catholic of the Latin Rite in the United States to know about when they need to attend Mass. I hope that helps.

Pax Vobiscum,

Herbert Cruz
 
I posted it again to fix some of the wording. Feel free to share this with any Catholics, whether child or adult.

There may have been some typos in the old version, so here is the revised version. This may also be useful for any adults, who are thinking about becoming Catholic. The reason why I post this is because Catholics, regardless of race, do not wish to be in the dark about liturgical matters. You are more than welcome to share this with the adult Catholics, if you wish.

Moreover, the USCCB did not go into as much detail on the Holy Days of Obligation in their website, I’m afraid, so this is a full version of it, if you will.

References:

vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P4N.HTM
archindy.org/worship/holydays.html
catholicdos.org/holy-days-of-obligation
 
And when dealing with the formation of children (and adults, for that matter) we might want to emphasize the reasons for attending Mass beyond “obligation”.

Pre-teens and teens are naturally rebellious, so often a sense of obligation imposed by adults and authority figures lands on deaf ears.

Formation and catechesis should also provide an element to foster a personal impetus for attending Mass out of desire.

Peace and all good!
As a teen, I had no issues going to Mass but I knew of plenty that didn’t like going. Parents should be making sure they go to Mass. It should be taught that deliberately missing Mass for most any reason is a mortal sin even in the younger grades when they are getting ready for Confirmation and First Communion.
 
MissRose73,

I completely agree with you. Moreover, this question has nothing, in particular, to do with the Hispanic culture, since all Catholics of the Latin Rite in the United States are bound to attend Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation. Those of the age of reason or older are capable of committing a mortal sin. According to the Catechism, 3 conditions must be met together, in order for a sin to be considered a mortal sin:
  1. Grave matter (i.e., breaking one of the Ten Commandments, in this case, the third one)
  2. Full knowledge (Being fully aware of the seriousness of the sinfulness of the act)
  3. Deliberate consent of the will (Freely committing the sinful act)
 
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