When Easter falls

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maggiec

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What determines when Ash Wednesday and Easter will fall in a given year?
Question just came up at work and I don’t have the answer.

thanks,
maggiec
 
This is what I found on the friesian site.
One difficulty with Easter is that it is a “movable” feast: It occurs on different calendar dates, unlike a holiday like Christmas, which is always on December 25th. Indeed, Easter is the movable feast, since all the other ones (Ash Wednesday, Pentecost, etc.) move with it so as to keep the same relative position in the calendar. Easter moves as an artifact of originally having a position in the Jewish calendar. The Christian Last Supper, where the Orthodox and Catholics believe Jesus introduced the miracle of the Eucharist (a relatively trivial moment for most Protestants, though not for Martin Luther himself), was a Passover Seder. Passover begins on the 15th day of the month of Nîsân, which, like its namesake the Babylonian month of Nisannu, appears to move around relative to solar calendars because it follows the moon. The month begins at the time of the New Moon or shortly thereafter. Since 12 lunar months come to only about 354 days, an extra month must be added every two or three years to keep the calendar from running ahead of the sun and the seasons. This means that Jewish calendar dates move up steadily against solar dates and then abruptly jump back. This is what Passover does, and what Easter does also.
The Jewish calendar was originally constructed so that the Full Moon of Nîsân would be the first Full Moon after, or on, the Vernal Equinox, the day when day and night are of equal length, taken by the Babylonians to mark the beginning of Spring. This practice was slightly different from the original Babylonian practice, where Nisannu was supposed to contain the first New Moon after the Vernal Equinox. The Jewish practice, of course, not the Babylonian, was inherited by Easter.
By the time Christianity became tolerated in the Roman Empire, and then the actual State Religion, to which citizens were expected to conform under civil or criminal penalties, some considerable tension had arisen between Jews and Christians (to say the least). One source of irritation was Christian use of the Jewish calendar, which at the time was governed by annual announcements from the Palestinian Patriarchs about whether an intercalary month would be inserted that year, and so Passover delayed until the next moon. Christians began to chafe at dependency on the Jewish authorities, and Jews were irritated that Christians should depend on such ritual announcements but afford no other particular respect for the Jews.
The solution came from both sides. The Jewish authorities (Patriarch Rabbi Hillel II) ceased making their announcements in 358/9 AD and instituted the 19 year Babylonian calendar cycle. The month of Passover could henceforth be determined by anyone who could count. At the same time, Christians decided to independently define and calculate Easter. Since The Last Supper was on a Thursday, the day before the Crucifixion, followed by Easter that Sunday, it was decided that Easter would be the first Sunday after the first Full Moon on or after the Vernal Equinox. Since Passover was the first day after the Full Moon, this preserved that feature of the Jewish Calendar. The Full Moon was similarly defined as the 14th day of the month, or, in more modern parlance, the day on which the “age” of the moon (which starts at zero at the New Moon) is 13 days. This 13 day old moon must then occur on or later than the Vernal Equinox, which was defined at the Council of Nicaea in 325 as March 21st.
 
Marvelous.
Although my kids prefer metacrawlers like “dogpile”–give me Google any day.

And now that I use Mozilla to browse, it’s always there for me, in my upper right hand corner.

Life is good. . . :tiphat:
 
Thanks everyone, I printed the answer out and am letting everyone read it. It turned out to be a little more complex than I expected.
Blessing in Christ
maggiec
 
Glad it helped. I had the “basic” idea that it was related to the Jewish calendar, since Holy Thursday was Passover, but didn’t know the rest, especially the 4th century A.D. information. Info now filed away in case I ever get on to “Jeopardy”.

Wonder how Nancy Berg will do tonight–did you see Ken Jennings’ reign ended last night?
 
In simple terms, Easter falls on the first Sunday after the full moon after the vernal equinox. Ash Wednesday, is then calculated backwards from Easter.
 
It seems to me that the explanation is the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox EXCEPT . . . only I’ve forgotten the except part. I think it was when the Sunday was the full moon, but I’m not sure. Anybody got a better memory?

Cynthia
 
When that Sunday is the full moon, then Easter is on the Sunday following the next full moon, which is why is can be a month later than it was in 2008.

Welcome, Cynthia! :tiphat: I do ask you to note that this thread is nearly 3½ years old, so I am not sure how many of the above folks are still around.
 
Google “Easter” and find the Naval Observatory web page on the dating of Easter. It is on the first Sunday following the day of the first full moon following the day of the vernal equinox.
There are a number of web sites that will give you the calculation of the date.
Have fun.

Matthew
 
And this year and next year Pascha falls on the same day for those of us on the Julian Calendar and those on the Gregorian Calendar. 🙂
 
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