"Death - 11th Article of the Apostles Creed
What happens at death? --At death the soul is separated from the body. The soul is judged by God, and rewarded with heaven, punished with hell, or sent for a time to be cleansed in purgatory. The body begins to corrupt and returns to the dust from which it came.
Particlar Judgment
As soon as each soul leaves the body at death it undergoes the Particular judgment, at which its eternal destiny is decided. “We must all be manifested at the judgment seat of Christ.” “It is appointed unto men to die once, but after this comes the judgment” (Heb. 9:27). “Every one of us will render an account for himself to God” (Rom. 14:12).
Let us remember that even while the relatives gather around the bed of the departed one, even while his body is still warm, the particular judgment is gone through and finished; the judgment is passed, and the soul gone to his reward or punishment. If we remember this, we shall be more fervent in praying for the dead, in helping others die a happy death, so that without fear they may meet God at the judgment."
Sources:
Death
Particular Judgment
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My Catholic Faith. A “must read”!!
One of my favourtie and important things:
"No one knows when, where, or how he will die. All we know is that we shall die, and that when our hour strikes, nobody can take our place.
God has mercifully hidden from us the hour of our death. If we knew when we should die, we might be overcome by fear when the moment approached. Some, besides, might lead sinful lives in the hope of repenting just before their death.
We must therefore always be ready to die. Death comes “as a thief in the night”, when we least expect it.
We must live as if every moment were the last of life, always ready to appear before our Divine judge."